How do the concepts of personal space and territoriality differ?

Unlike personal space, which only involves an invisible area surrounding an individual, territoriality reflects the personalization of, or marking of an area or object, in order to communicate individual or group ownership [2].

What is the concept of territoriality?

Territoriality refers to the monopolization of space by an individual or group. While territories have been defined variously as any defended space, areas of site-specific dominance, or sites of exclusive monopolization of space, they can be quite fluid and short-term. For example, sanderlings (Calidris…

What is privacy in environmental psychology?

Privacy is an approached by environmental psychological as a changing self/other boundary regulation process in which a person or a group sometimes wants to be separated from others and sometime s wants to be in contact with others (Davis & Palladino 1997).

What is territoriality in architecture?

Territoriality as one of architecture attributes of environment and behavior, in which the interaction between individuals and communities who have activity purposes and an environment that accomodate their activities.

What is meant by personal space?

: the distance from another person at which one feels comfortable when talking to or being next to that other person You are invading my personal space.

What is personal space in psychology?

Personal space is the region surrounding a person which they regard as psychologically theirs. Most people value their personal space and feel discomfort, anger, or anxiety when their. personal space is encroached.[1] Permitting a person to enter personal space and entering.

What are examples of territoriality?

An example of demonstrating territoriality might be the car size. Driving a large truck like the Ford F350 might be communicating that a value of owning a lot of space on the highway. However, driving a small car like the Smart, then might be communicating no need to occupy so much space.

What are the advantages of territoriality?

Territorial behaviour is adaptive in many ways; it may permit an animal to mate without interruption or to raise its young in an area where there will be little competition for food. It can also prevent overcrowding by maintaining an optimum distance among members of a population.

What are the functions of privacy?

Privacy functions refer to why individuals seek privacy. Westin (1970) identified four functions of privacy: personal autonomy, emotional release, self-evaluation, and limited and protected communication. Personal autonomy relates to independence and self-identity.

What is environmental factors in psychology?

Environmental factors are social or economic circumstances that affect exposure to stressors. They can be classified as social statuses, social roles, or ambient social conditions.

What are the types of territoriality?

Distinguished are four types of territory (viz., public territories, home territories, interactional territories, and body territories), three types of territorial encroachment (viz., violation, invasion, and contamination), and three types of reaction to encroachment (viz., turf defense, insulation, and linguistic …

What are the three types of territory?

Types of Territory The three categories are the primary, secondary and public territory.

How are privacy, territoriality, and crowding related?

The concept of privacy, personal space, territoriality, and crowding are central to the study of environment and behavior relationships. Each has received increasing attention by social scientists and environmental designers in the past decades for somewhat different reasons.

Why is privacy important in the built environment?

Some social and behavioral scientists believe because of the interpersonal stresses that occur from too much contact with too many people. It is likely that research on the areas of crowding, personal space, privacy and their relationship to the built environment will probably increase in the coming decades.

What are the two concepts of personal space?

Personal Space in Architectural Context The second concept is personal space which is a mechanism used to assist in the regulation of privacy. Personal space involves a combination of distance and angle of orientation from others.

How is personal space related to the built environment?

Research has indicated that personal space is a dynamic, active process of moving toward and away from others, to make the self more or less accessible. Environmental designers have been intuitively sensitive to personal space mechanisms in furniture design, layout of office and living-room areas, and so on.