What is the operating pressure range for nanofiltration?

1 Introduction. Nanofiltration (NF) is a pressure-driven membrane process, involving pressures between 5 and 20 bar, used to separate molecules in the molecular weight range of 200–2000 g mol−1.

What is nanofiltration membrane?

Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration-based method that uses nanometer sized through-pores that pass through the membrane. Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes from 1-10 nanometers, smaller than that used in microfiltration and ultrafiltration, but just larger than that in reverse osmosis.

Can nanofiltration remove TDS?

The results show that this nanofiltration membrane is capable of retaining 96–98% of the total hardness, 79–89% of the electrical conductivity and 79–89% of the total dissolved solid (TDS). Our results are in good agreement with those reported by the manufacturing company.

What is a typical Mwco for nanofiltration?

A nanofiltration (NF) membrane is classified as a pressure-driven membrane process, falling between a reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane. It has pore size in the range of 0.2–2 nm with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) from 200 to 1000 Da.

What should the pressure be in a nanofiltration membrane?

Transmembrane pressures are typically 50 – 225 psi (3.5 – 16 bar). The ideal nanofiltration membrane has a very high water permeability, but the ideal permeability of solutes might be near zero or some higher value, depending on the solute and application.

How is nanofiltration used in a separation system?

Like reverse osmosis membranes, nanofiltration membranes are used in separation systems employing applied pressure to effectively overcome the system’s osmotic pressure, reversing the flow of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower concentration.

What are the key performance parameters of nanofiltration?

The key performance parameters of a nanofiltration membrane separation process are permeate flux and salt rejection. Under specific reference conditions, flux (the rate of permeate transported per unit of membrane area) and rejection are predictable, intrinsic properties of membrane performance.

What is the role of nanofiltration in mass transport?

Endre Nagy, in Basic Equations of Mass Transport Through a Membrane Layer (Second Edition), 2019 Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane process that lies between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in terms of its ability to reject molecular or ionic species.