What is the effect of water-cement ratio on the concrete?

In concrete mix design, the water-cement ratio is responsible for binding all constituents of concrete together. If the water-cement proportion is higher, it brings about wider spacing between the cement aggregates and thus, influences the compaction.

How does cement type affect the durability of concrete?

The effect of types of cement on durability of concrete is associated with the sulfate anions on concrete deterioration due to sulfate attack and the role of chloride ions on sulfate attack in plain and blended cements. i) Higher the grade of the cement more will be the strength of concrete.

What is the impact of W C ratio on durability 1 point?

Water is often added to concrete placing for easy workability and finishability in construction site. The additional mixing water can help easy mixing and workability but causes increased porosity, which yields degradation of durability and structural performances.

Which is more effective ratio for durability of concrete?

Concrete with a low water-cementitious ratio (0.40 or lower) is more durable than concrete with a high water-cementitious ratio (0.50 or higher).

What is the maximum water cement ratio?

Most state DOTs tend to set a maximum water–cement ratio between 0.40 and 0.50.

What is its effect on concrete?

Cement plays a major role within a concrete mixture and affects most important aspects of the mix, such as: workability, compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and durability. Through the process of hydration, cement particles react with water, binding the aggregate, and the strength matrix develops (Weiss, 1999).

What is the durability problems of concrete?

Durability problems related to environmental causes include the following: steel corrosion, delamination, cracking, carbonation, sulfate attack, chemical attack, scaling, spalling, abrasion and cavitation.

What is the life of cement?

Most people don’t seem to realise that cement comes with a shelf-life. Cement is a hygroscopic product, which means it absorbs moisture. This characteristic of cement makes it imperative that it is used before its ‘best before’ date to ensure a durable structure. The shelf life of cement is 3 months.

What is the relationship between concrete permeability and durability?

Concrete permeability influences durability because it controls the rate that moisture, which could contain an aggressive chemical, enters concrete and the movement of water. Decreasing the w/c ratio also increases concrete strength which further improves its resistance to cracking [16].

Why is water-cement ratio important?

The Importance of Water The water to cement ratio largely determines the strength and durability of the concrete when it is cured properly. A w/c ratio of 0.4 means that for every 100 lbs of cement used in the concrete, 40 lbs of water is added.

What is minimum water cement ratio?

This is commonly referred to as a water to cement ratio. The ratio is calculated by taking the weight of the water and dividing it by the weight of the cement. The minimum water to cement ratio required for hydration is a 0.28. Any additional water is water of convenience.

What is the effect of water cement ratio on concrete?

EFFECT OF WATER CEMENT RATIO ON CONCRETE A lower ratio leads to higher strength and durability, but may make the mix difficult to work with and form. Work-ability can be resolved with the use of plasticizers or super-plasticizers. However, a mix with a ratio of 0.35 may not mix thoroughly, and may not flow well enough to be placed.

How does the W / C ratio affect the durability of Portland cement?

For complete hydration of Portland cement W/C shall be 0.18 (minimum) whereas the extra water (beyond 0.18 ratio) provides workability to the mix. As the W/C ratio increases, strength of concrete would reduce and so the durability properties.

What are the factors that affect workability of concrete?

There are four factors that can affect the workability are: Consistency: The degree of consistency is depended on the nature of works and type of compaction. Water/cement Ratio or Water Control of a concrete: Water/cement ratio is the ratio of water in a mix to the weight of cement.

What happens if you put too much water in cement?

Too much water will result in segregation of the sand and aggregate components from the cement paste. Also, water that is not consumed by the hydration reaction may leave concrete as it hardens, resulting in microscopic pores (bleeding) that will reduce final strength of concrete.

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