What is the difference between Th1 and Th2?

Th1 and Th2 cells play an important role in immunity. Th1 cells stimulate cellular immune response, participate in the inhibition of macrophage activation and stimulate B cells to produce IgM, IgG1. Th2 stimulates humoral immune response, promotes B cell proliferation and induces antibody production (IL-4).

What is an example of a Th1 immune imbalance?

Many studies have shown that inflammation and diseases follow a Th1/Th2 imbalance, including pneumonia (Zhao et al., 2016), pyelonephritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (Huang et al., 2011, Talaat et al., 2015).

What are the 5 subsets of CD4+ cells and what are their targets in the immune response to pathogens?

Five principal subsets or lineages of CD4+ T cells have been identified so far: T helper (Th)1, Th2, and Th17 cells that target specific classes of pathogens (3–5), regulatory T cells that are required to maintain self-tolerance (6) and follicular helper T cells (TFH) that provide help to B cells for antibody …

What are the subset of T cells?

The pattern of cytokine expression defines the subsets of CD4+ T cells: Th1, Th2, Treg1, Th3, and Th17 cells.

What are the functions of the Th2 subset?

The TH2 subset also supports allergic reactions. The differences in the cytokines secreted by TH1 and TH2 cells determine the different biological functions of these two subsets.

How are Th1 cells different from Th2 cells?

T-cell subsets (Th1 versus Th2) Th1 cells, which produce interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-beta, evoke cell-mediated immunity and phagocyte-dependent inflammation. Th2 cells, which produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13, evoke strong antibody responses (including those of the IgE …

Which is a defining cytokine of the Th1 subset?

A defining cytokine of the TH1 subset, IFN-y, activates macrophages, stimulating these cells to increase micro-bicidal activity, up-regulate the level of class II MHC, and secrete cytokines such as IL-12, which induces TH cells to differentiate into the TH1 subset.

How is IFN-y secreted by Th2 subsets?

Finally, IFN-y inhibits the expansion of the TH2 population. The secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 by cells of the TH2 subset induces production of IgE and supports eosinophil-mediated attack on helminth (roundworm) infections.