What is acanthosis of epithelium?

Acanthosis refers to slight thickening of the epithelium that can display an intense reaction to acetic acid, clearly demarcated from original squamous epithelium, and can show mosaic, punctuation or both.

What is hyperkeratosis and acanthosis?

Hyperkeratosis, associated with other abnormalities in the skin biopsy, can be a key to the final histological diagnosis. Epidermal hypertrophy is a benign alteration of the skin that presents with acanthosis (increased thickness of the keratinocyte layers) and hyperkeratosis.

What is acanthosis of epidermis?

Acanthosis is a thickening of the epidermis and elongation of the rete ridges due to thickening of the spinous layer +/- enlargement of rete pegs. Typical examples include chronic eczematous reactions.

What is focal Parakeratosis?

Parakeratosis is a mode of keratinization characterized by the retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum. In mucous membranes, parakeratosis is normal. In the skin, this process leads to the abnormal replacement of annular squames with nucleated cells.

What are the hallmarks of acanthosis and hyperkeratosis?

Hiromasa Nikai, in Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck (Second Edition), 2009 Acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, usually orthokeratosis, are the hallmarks of frictional keratosis. The keratin may become ragged and delaminated by the patient’s habit, and it is not unusual to find bacterial colonies lodged in surface irregularities.

What are the papules of focal acral hyperkeratosis?

Focal acral hyperkeratosis (also known as “Acrokeratoelastoidosis lichenoides,”) is a late-onset keratoderma, inherited as an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by oval or polygonal crateriform papules developing along the border of the hands, feet, and wrists. Keratosis pilaris appears similar to gooseflesh,…

Where does hyperkeratosis occur in the human body?

It involves the clumping of keratin filaments. Focal acral hyperkeratosis (also known as “Acrokeratoelastoidosis lichenoides,”) is a late-onset keratoderma, inherited as an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by oval or polygonal crateriform papules developing along the border of the hands, feet, and wrists.

What happens to the keratinocytes in parakeratosis?

Parakeratosis overlies pallor and early ballooning of superficial keratinocytes . There is also psoriasiform acanthosis of the epidermis and a mild perivascular infiltrate in the superficial dermis.