What if there is no date for a reference?

If there is definitely no date posted or date updated, APA uses the abbreviation n.d. (short for “no date”) in the parenthesis where the date would normally go in your citation: (n.d.) But first please make sure there really is no date.

Do references need dates?

Wikis are designed to change over time, and so references to wikis should include retrieval dates. All other resource types (e.g., journal articles, books, web pages) can be assumed to be in their final forms and therefore references to them do not require retrieval dates.

How do you Harvard reference with no date?

If the publication date of a reference is unknown or unsure, cite it using n.d. (no date), e.g. (Smith n.d.) or Smith (n.d.). If the publication date can be established with some degree of accuracy, use the abbreviation ‘c’ (circa-about), e.g. (Smith c. 1943) or Smith (c.

How do you cite an author with no date?

If you have multiple citations from the same author which also do not have a date, you will follow the same instructions as you would if there was a date: order the citations in your reference list alphabetically by title, and place an “a”, “b”, etc after the date.

What is a dated reference and an undated reference?

An undated reference to a standard in a normative text means that a standard is referred to by identifying it through its number, without mentioning a year of publication. Where such reference to a standard is used, the latest publication of the standard referred to (as amended) is applicable. Was the answer helpful?

Can a reference list have no publication date?

The “n.d.” notation is used in these cases. Copyright dates, which often appear at the bottom of a website, are not necessarily publication dates. While it is acceptable for a reference list for an online source to exclude a publication date, the list must provide a means for the reader to access the source used by the writer.

How to reference something with no date in APA?

Without the date, the phrase would be replaced with “In his study, Walker (n.d.) discovered…” References pages in APA format appear at the end of a document, but before any appendices. Sources are listed alphabetically by author’s last name, followed immediately by the date, set in parenthesis.

How to cite a source with a missing date?

A citation for a source with a missing date should include a note that the date is not available. Replace the year of publication with “n.d.” This is true for all types of reference list citations in APA style, including websites, periodicals and multimedia documents. For example: Bern, J. (n.d.).