What are the 3 columns of the spine?

The three columns are:

• anterior column. anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) anterior two-thirds of the vertebral body.
• middle column. posterior one-third of the vertebral body. posterior one-third of the intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosus)
• posterior column. everything posterior to the PLL. pedicles.

What are the three main factors of the spine?

The spine has three normal curves: cervical, thoracic and lumbar. There are seven cervical vertebrae in the neck, 12 thoracic vertebrae in the torso and five lumbar vertebrae in the lower back.

What is the pedicle?

Pedicles. Each vertebra has two cylinder-shaped projections (pedicles) of hard bone that stick out from the back part of the vertebral body, providing side protection for the spinal cord and nerves. The pedicles also serve as a bridge, joining the front and back parts of the vertebra.

How many columns are in the spine?

Spinal Surgery The vertebral column (VC) is composed of 33 vertebrae [cervical (C), 7; thoracic (T), 5; lumbar (L), 5; sacral (S), 5; coccygeal, 4], which are interconnected by intervertebral (IV) disks (except C1, C2) and stabilized by spinal ligaments.

What happens if your spine breaks?

Sometimes, a spinal fracture can also damage the spinal cord. This can lead to a variety of outcomes, which may include bladder or bowel dysfunction. They may also experience numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs.

What parts of the body does the spine control?

The nerves of the cervical spine go to the upper chest and arms. The nerves in your thoracic spine go to your chest and abdomen. The nerves of the lumbar spine then reach to your legs, bowel, and bladder. These nerves coordinate and control all the body’s organs and parts, and let you control your muscles.

What are the bumps on the spine called?

A synovial cyst of the spine is a fluid-filled sac that develops along the spine. It’s the result of degeneration of a facet joint of the vertebrae of the spine. Most synovial cysts develop in the portion of the lower spine called the lumbar spine. These cysts are uncommon and often don’t produce symptoms.

What does lamina mean in anatomy?

The lamina is the flattened or arched part of the vertebral arch, forming the roof of the spinal canal; the posterior part of the spinal ring that covers the spinal cord or nerves.

Which vertebrae is broken in hanging?

The cause of death in judicial hanging is controversial and often attributed to ‘hangman’s fracture’ of the second cervical vertebra.

What is a Type 2 Odontoid fracture?

A type II odontoid fracture is a break that occurs through a specific part of C2, the second bone in the neck. Bones of the spine are called vertebrae. The bone involved in odontoid fracture is the second vertebra, C2, high up in the neck.

How is the vertebral column divided into three columns?

Denis divided the vertebral column into 3 vertical parallel columns based on biomechanical studies related to stability following traumatic injury. Instability occurs when injuries affect 2 contiguous columns (i.e. anterior and middle column or middle and posterior column). Obviously a 3 column injury is also unstable.

Which is the best theory for thoracolumbar spine fractures?

Classification of thoracolumbar spine fractures has traditionally been based on theories of spinal stability. Most popular is three column theory of Denis, the two column theory of Holdsworth is making a resurgence Denis 1984 – 3 column theory Denis – 3 column classification (1984)

What is the definition of a 3 column injury?

Obviously a 3 column injury is also unstable. The three columns are: anterior column anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) anterior two-thirds of the vertebral body. anterior two-thirds of the intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosus) middle column posterior one-third of the vertebral body.

How is the anterior column of the spine classified?

The anterior column consists of the anterior vertebral body, anterior annulus fibrosus, and anterior longitudinal ligament”. For more detailed description, click Denis’ three-column theory. According to Denis’ system, spinal traumas are classified to minor and major injury (see table below), based on their potential risks to cause instability.