How does cyclin D1 affect the cell cycle?

Cyclin D1 plays a central role in the regulation of proliferation, linking the extracellular signaling environment to cell cycle progression [1]. The expression level of cyclin D1 is highly responsive to the action of proliferative signals including growth factor receptors, Ras, and their downstream effectors.

What is cyclin D1 expression?

Cyclin D1 is a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. During the G1 phase, it is synthesized rapidly and accumulates in the nucleus, and is degraded as the cell enters the S phase. Cyclin D1 is a regulatory subunit of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6.

What is the role of cyclin D1?

Cyclin D1 encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates the retinoblastoma protein and promotes progression through the G1-S phase of the cell cycle.

Is cyclin D1 a tumor suppressor?

The CDK4/6 and cyclin D1 complex phosphorylate the tumor suppressor retinoblastoma protein, which releases the transcription factor E2F, leading to cell proliferation and transition from the G1 phase to the S phase of the cell cycle.

What gene makes cyclin?

Genes contained within the group: 31

What does cyclin d2 do?

This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb.

What happens when cyclin D is overexpressed?

Overexpression of cyclin D1 promotes tumor cell growth and confers resistance to cisplatin-mediated apoptosis in an elastase-myc transgene-expressing pancreatic tumor cell line.

How is cyclin D1 activated?

ATF2-mediated cyclin D1 promoter induction can be stimulated by a number of growth-promoting agents, such as estrogen (Sabbah et al., 1999), hepatocyte growth factor (Recio and Merlino, 2002) and regenerating gene product (Reg) (Takasawa et al., 2006).

Is cyclin D an oncogene or tumor suppressor?

Cyclin D1 is a recognized oncogene involved in direct phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein and promoting cell cycle transition from G1 to S.

What triggers cyclin production?

Positive cues, like growth factors, typically increase activity of Cdks and cyclins, while negative ones, like DNA damage, typically decrease or block activity. p53 is activated by DNA damage and causes production of a Cdk inhibitor, which binds to the Cdk-G1/S cyclin complex and inactivates it.

When do cyclin levels rise and fall?

S cyclin: low in early G1, rising slowly through late G1 and S, peaking in early G2 and dropping sharply back to zero in early M phase. M cyclin: very low through all of G1, rising slowly through, peaking at the G2/M transition, and dropping sharply to zero in the middle of M phase.

What is CDK4 gene?

CDK4 (Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CDK4 include Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant 3 and Hereditary Melanoma.

What is the function of cyclin D1 in the cell cycle?

Normal function. Cyclin D1 was originally cloned as a breakpoint rearrangement in parathyroid adenoma and was shown to be required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle to induce cell migration, angiogenesis and to induce the Warburg effect. Cyclin D1 is a protein required for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle.

How is the expression of CCND1 cyclin D1 regulated?

This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb. Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of human cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2019] CCND1 cyclin D1 [ (human)]

What kind of cancer is Cyclin D1b overexpression?

Deregulation in cancer. Overexpression of Cyclin D1b, an isoform, is also present in breast and prostate cancers. Chromosomal translocation around the cyclin D1 gene locus is often seen in B mantle cell lymphoma. In mantle cell lymphoma, cyclin D1 is translocated to the IgH promoter leading to cyclin D1 overexpression.

How is cyclin D1 regulated in mantle cell lymphoma?

SOX11 regulation by the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), in mantle cell lymphoma is reported. LncRNA H19 positively regulated cyclin D1 expression through directly binding to let-7a in vascular smooth muscle cells.