How does arachidonic acid metabolism?

The importance of AA in biology lies in the fact that it can be metabolized by three distinct enzyme systems, i.e., cyclooxygenases (COXs, also referred to as PGG/H synthases), lipoxygenases (LOXs), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (ω-hydroxylases and epoxygenases) to generate an impressive spectrum of biologically …

Where does arachidonic acid metabolism occur?

Distribution. Arachidonic acid is naturally found incorporated in the structural phospholipids in the cell membrane in the body or stored within lipid bodies in immune cells [13]. It is particularly abundant in skeletal muscle, brain, liver, spleen and retina phospholipids [14].

What is the function of arachidonic acid metabolites?

Vascular endothelium produces PGI2 as its primary derivative of arachidonic acid. This prostanoid is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet adhesion to the endothelium, and acts through the Gs-protein pathway. Therefore, it is anti-thrombotic.

Which results are expected when arachidonic acid is metabolized through the prostaglandin pathway?

When arachidonic acid is synthesized through the prostaglandin pathway the result is VASOCONSTRICTION. Arachidonic acid, a fatty acid containing 20 carbons and four double bonds (an eicosatetraenoic fatty acid), is the immediate precursor of the predominant type of prostaglandins in humans.

What foods are high in arachidonic acid?

Arachidonic acid is obtained from food such as poultry, animal organs and meat, fish, seafood, and eggs [2], [3], [4], [5], and is incorporated in phospholipids in the cells’ cytosol, adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that is studded with the proteins necessary for phospholipid synthesis and their …

Is arachidonic acid inflammatory?

Following irritation or injury, arachidonic acid is released and oxygenated by enzyme systems leading to the formation of an important group of inflammatory mediators, the eicosanoids.

Why is arachidonic acid bad for you?

then you should probably stay away from it since it can be pro-inflammatory. Furthermore, if you suffer from diabetes, asthma, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, are pregnant, or are suffering from any inflammatory disease you should not supplement arachidonic acid in your diet.

What triggers prostaglandin production?

High levels of prostaglandins are produced in response to injury or infection and cause inflammation, which is associated with the symptoms of redness, swelling, pain and fever. This is an important part of the body’s normal healing process.

Are eggs high in arachidonic acid?

Eggs– just like red meat the yolks have high amounts of arachidonic acid, which can lead to increased inflammation and pain. If you eat a lot of eggs try leaving out the yolk, it will help cut the fat and cholesterol as well.

What causes too many prostaglandins?

Which is a metabolite of arachidonic acid ALOX12?

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase -1 (15-LO-1, 15-LOX-1, ALOX15), which is expressed in far more tissues that ALOX12, metabolizes arachidonic acid primarily to 15 ( S )-HpETE along with other metabolites of the 15-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid family; during this metabolism, however, ALOX15 also forms 12 ( S )-HpETE as a minor product.

Which is a hydroxyl derivative of arachidonic acid?

12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) is a derivative of the 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, containing a Hydroxyl residue at carbon 12 and a 5Z,8Z,10E,14Z Cis–trans isomerism configuration (Z=cis, E=trans) in its four double bonds.

Where are the double bonds located in arachidonic acid?

These double bonds are located between carbons 5-6, 8-9, 11-12, and 14-15; arachidonic acid is therefore 5 Z ,8 Z ,11 Z ,14 Z -eicosatetraenoic acid.

How is 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid metabolized?

The initial 12 ( S )-HpETE and 12 ( R )-HpETE products, regardless of their pathway of formation, are rapidly reduced to 12 ( S )-HETE and 12 ( R )-HETE, respectively, by ubiquitous cellular peroxidases, including in particular Glutathione peroxidases or, alternatively, are further metabolized as described below.