What stimulates NF-kB?

The primary mechanism for canonical NF-κB activation is the inducible degradation of IκBα triggered through its site-specific phosphorylation by a multi-subunit IκB kinase (IKK) complex.

What is NF-kB?

A well-recognized function of NF-κB is regulation of inflammatory responses. In addition to mediating induction of various pro-inflammatory genes in innate immune cells, NF-κB regulates the activation, differentiation and effector function of inflammatory T cells.

How do you measure NF-kB activation?

Another common method to measure NF-κB activity at the transcriptional activation level is to use a gene reporter assay, which introduces an exogenous NF-κB consensus promoter sequence linked to a measurable ‘reporter gene’ such as luciferase (18).

Is NF-kB innate or adaptive?

The classical pathway and innate immunity It is well established that the classical NF-kB pathway, based on IKKb-dependent IkB degradation, is essential for innate immunity.

How does the NF-κB complex change cell function?

The DNA/NF-κB complex then recruits other proteins such as coactivators and RNA polymerase, which transcribe downstream DNA into mRNA. In turn, mRNA is translated into protein, resulting in a change of cell function.

What are the effects of incorrect NF-κB regulation?

Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory.

What are the members of the protein alias NF-κB?

Members Class Protein Aliases Gene I NF-κB1 p105 → p50 NFKB1 I NF-κB2 p100 → p52 NFKB2 II RelA p65 RELA II RelB RELB

Where is the NF-κB heterodimer located in the cell?

In this figure, the NF-κB heterodimer consisting of Rel and p50 proteins is used as an example. While in an inactivated state, NF-κB is located in the cytosol complexed with the inhibitory protein IκBα. Through the intermediacy of integral membrane receptors, a variety of extracellular signals can activate the enzyme IκB kinase (IKK).