What is the function of plastoquinone in photosynthesis?

Plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) is an essential component of photosynthesis that carries electrons in the linear and alternative electron transport chains, and is also a redox sensor that regulates state transitions and gene expression.

What happens plastoquinone?

Plastoquinone (PLQ) acts as an electron carrier between photosystem II (PSII) and the cytochrome b6f complex.

What is the function of cytochrome c and plastoquinone in etc?

A cytochrome complex plays a key part in electron transport associated with the membranes of the thylakoids in the process of photosynthesis. It accepts electrons from Photosystem II through plastoquinone and contributes to proton transport across the membrane.

What type of molecule is plastoquinone?

lipid-soluble
Plastoquinone is a small, lipid-soluble molecule that can move laterally in the thylakoid to serve its function as a mediator of electron flow between the much larger, and relatively immobile, PS II and cytochrome complexes.

What is the starting material of plastoquinone?

The most common form of plastoquinone, known as PQ-A or PQ-9, is a 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone molecule with a side chain of nine isoprenyl units.

What is the role of ferredoxin in photosynthesis?

The plant-type ferredoxins (Fds) are the [2Fe-2S] proteins that function primarily in photosynthesis; they transfer electrons from photoreduced Photosystem I to ferredoxin NADP(+) reductase in which NADPH is produced for CO(2) assimilation.

What is the purpose of Plastocyanin?

Plastocyanin (PC) is a small (∼10 kDa) soluble protein in the thylakoid lumen, encoded by the nuclear petE gene. It functions as a mobile electron carrier for transferring electrons from the cytochrome b6f complex to PSI.

Is NADH an electron carrier?

NADH is the reduced form of the electron carrier, and NADH is converted into NAD+. This half of the reaction results in the oxidation of the electron carrier.

What is the starting material of Plastoquinones?

What is the PQ cycle?

A second electron carrier plastoquinone (Pq) carries the electrons to a complex of two cytochromes. In the process, energy is provided to produce a proton gradient across the membrane which can be used for the ADP to ATP conversion.

Where is Plastoquinone found?

Plastoquinone (PQ) and ubiquinone (UQ) are two important prenylquinones functioning as electron transporters in plants. They are involved in photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation located in chloroplast thylakoids and mitochondrial inner membrane, respectively (Swiezewska, 2004).