What is isokinetic sampling?

Isokinetic sampling means sampling in which the linear velocity of the gas entering the sampling nozzle is equal to that of the undisturbed gas stream at the sample point.

How do you do isokinetic sampling?

With isokinetic sampling, that portion of the gas stream from which the particles are entrapped is made to enter the sampling nozzle in the same velocity as the gas stream in the stack or chimney being sampled. The sample weight is determined gravimetrically after removal of uncombined water.

What is purpose of isokinetic sampling?

Isokinetic sampling techniques were developed to prevent skewed particulate concentration measurements due to inertial effects of particles as they enter a sampling nozzle. Basically, the idea is to sample at the same velocity as the gas stream so that the streamlines in the vicinity of the nozzle are straight.

How is PM10 measured?

To measure PM10 and PM2. 5, extract a sample of gas at a predetermined constant flow rate through an in-stack sizing device. The particle-sizing device separates particles with nominal aerodynamic diameters of 10 micrometers and 2.5 micrometers.

How is isokinetic sampling used to collect samples?

Sampling of steam and other fluids at high temperatures and pressure make use of fixed nozzles sized to get isokinetic flow. Isokinetic sampling is an elaborate process used for collecting samples that have commercial or legal implications.

What does bit depth and sample rate mean?

The terms sample rate and bit depth describe how samples are used to create sound with digital audio. We’ll look at what these terms mean, and do some myth-busting surrounding these concepts. This is the number of samples per second, and so we measure this in Hz (often kHz).

When to use Inves-tigators in isokinetic sampling?

Many inves- tigators(1)have contributed to the prac- tices now being used in isokinetic sampling. Familiarity with isokinetic flow and sampling is necessary when determining the performance of sampling instru- ments, when evaluating aerosol and air pollution data, and when obtaining in- formation for the design of sampling equipment.

What is the dynamic range of 16 bit sampling?

Sampling in 16-bit gives audio engineers a dynamic range of 96db to work with. On the other hand, 24-bit ups the dynamic range to as high as 144db, although, realistically, most audio equipment can only go as high as 125db.