What is bronchial artery hypertrophy?

Bronchial artery hypertrophy is one of the most frequent causes of haemoptysis in adults. It is linked to an increased diameter of the arteries due to chronic inflammatory lung pathology involving the bronchial wall and increasing the flow of bronchial arterial branches surrounding the pulmonary parenchyma.

Where do the bronchial arteries arise?

Bronchial Artery Origins. The bronchial arteries usually originate from the proximal descending thoracic aorta (Fig 1a–1c). They are termed orthotopic when they originate between the superior endplate of the T5 vertebral body and the inferior endplate of the T6 vertebral body.

Why does the left lung have two bronchial arteries?

The left bronchial arteries (superior and inferior) usually arise directly from the thoracic aorta. The single right bronchial artery usually arises from one of the following: 1) the thoracic aorta at a common trunk with the right 3rd posterior intercostal artery. 2) the superior bronchial artery on the left side.

What is the difference between pulmonary arteries and bronchial arteries?

The bronchial arteries carry oxygenated blood to the lungs as part of the general systemic circulatory system. Bronchial arteries respond to stimuli, as do the other systemic arteries (dilation in response to hypoxia). Conversely, the pulmonary arteries constrict to hypoxia.

What is the risk of bronchial artery hypertrophy?

Consequently, bronchial artery hypertrophy (BAH) and dilatation of the thin-walled distal bronchial-to-pulmonary artery anastomosis may occur. However, this recruitment increases the risk of bronchial artery rupture with subsequent pulmonary hemorrhage [ 1 ].

What is the plasticity of the bronchial artery?

Bronchial arteries have a notable plasticity, potentially increasing its flow from 1 up to 30% of the cardiac output in response to a pulmonary insult. Consequently, bronchial artery hypertrophy (BAH) and dilatation of the thin-walled distal bronchial-to-pulmonary artery anastomosis may occur.

Is the proximal bronchial artery dilated or dilated?

The bronchial arteries typically arise from the thoracic aorta at the T3-T8 levels. 80% percent of arteries arise from the T5 to T6 level. Enlarged arteries are often seen and dilated tortuous vessels at this level in the mediastinum. In this situation, the proximal bronchial arteries are usually >2 mm 2,7. 1.

How is computer tomography used to diagnose bronchial artery enlargement?

Contrast-enhanced computer tomography plays a major role in diagnosing bronchial artery enlargement and also improves treatment planning. Bronchial artery embolization has proven to be effective in controlling the potential hazardous hemoptysis.