What are examples of aneuploidy?

Trisomy is the most common aneuploidy. In trisomy, there is an extra chromosome. A common trisomy is Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Other trisomies include Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) and Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18).

Why can plants tolerate aneuploidy?

Plants have the advantage of generally tolerating aneuploidy better than mammals, and their chromosome numbers can be more easily manipulated to allow systematic analyses of the consequences of chromosome numerical aberrations.

What is the difference between polyploid and aneuploid?

Aneuploidy is a chromosomal mutation in which there is one or more extra chromosomes, or one or more fewer chromosomes. Polyploidy is a chromosomal mutation in which a cell has entire extra sets of chromosomes.

What is the effects of aneuploidy?

Consequences of aneuploidy. Aneuploidy can arise from incidental chromosome missegregation or from ongoing chromosomal instability. The acute response to chromosome missegregation, such as proteotoxic stress, growth defects, energetic stress and DNA damage, can activate cell-cycle arrest or cell death.

Why are some plants better at aneuploidy than others?

As in Drosophila, the larger the extra chromosome, the more severe the consequences on fitness were. It appears that some plant species tolerate aneuploidy better than animals. In some instances, chromosome gains or losses are even part of their evolution.

Which is the correct definition of aneuploidy?

Aneuplopidy is defined as a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the usually haploid number. This condition is distinct from the condition of polyploidy, which is defined as having a chromosome number that is a multiple greater than two of the monoploid number.

What kind of agent can cause aneuploidy?

Agents capable of causing aneuploidy are called aneuploidogens. Many mutagenic carcinogens are aneuploidogens. X-rays, for example, may cause aneuploidy by fragmenting the chromosome; it may also target the spindle apparatus.

What makes an aneuploid different from a wild type organism?

An aneuploid is an individual organism whose chromosome number differs from the wild type by part of a chromosome set. Generally, the aneuploid chromosome set differs from wild type by only one or a small number of chromosomes. Aneuploids can have a chromosome number either greater or smaller than that of the wild type.