How much of the Native American population was killed?

90%
When the Europeans arrived, carrying germs which thrived in dense, semi-urban populations, the indigenous people of the Americas were effectively doomed. They had never experienced smallpox, measles or flu before, and the viruses tore through the continent, killing an estimated 90% of Native Americans.

Why did the Native American population decline between 1880 and 1890?

Warfare is thought to be the most significant cause of native population decline (Thornton). Conflicts were prevalent between tribes and against Americans. Over 45,000 Natives were killed in wars or conflict between 1789 to 1890.

Were Native Americans included in the census?

Prior to 1900, few Indians are included in the decennial federal census. Indians are not identified in the 1790-1840 censuses. In 1860, Indians living in the general population are identified for the first time.

What was the outcome of the 1890 census?

The 1890 census act states: Unfortunately, a 1921 fire in the Department of Commerce building resulted in the destruction of all but a few fragments of the 1890 census returns. A 683-page Bureau of the Census report, however, contains detailed descriptions of Indian tribes on reservations, arranged by state.

What did the Indian census of 1885 say?

The Act itself did not specify the collection of names and personal information. However, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs sent a directive in 1885 (Circular 148) that reiterated the statement and added further instructions: “Superintendents in charge of Indian reservations should submit annually, a census of all Indians under their charge.”

What was the last census of American Indians?

1890 Census Report. The Report on Indians Taxed and Indians Not Taxed in the United States (Except Alaska) at the Eleventh Census, 1890 (1894) (see 1890, Final Reports) consists of statistical summaries followed by descriptions of each tribe.

What did the Bureau of the census ask the Indians?

The Bureau used a special Indian population schedule containing 48 questions. The descriptive pamphlet (DP) for M1791 contains a list of the questions. The Report on Indians Taxed and Indians Not Taxed in the United States (Except Alaska) at the Eleventh Census, 1890 (1894) consists of statistical summaries followed by descriptions of each tribe.

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