How is Stat1 phosphorylated?

Abstract. The transcription factor Stat1 plays an essential role in responses to interferons (IFNs). Activation of Stat1 is achieved by phosphorylation on Y701 that is followed by nuclear accumulation. For full transcriptional activity and biological function Stat1 must also be phosphorylated on S727.

Is IFN phosphorylated?

Stat1 is phosphorylated on serine 727 within its transactivating domain (TAD) in response to interferons or other immunological signals.

What is a phosphorylation reaction?

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphoryl (PO3) group to a molecule. In biological systems, this reaction is vital for the cellular storage and transfer of free energy using energy carrier molecules.

How are STATs activated?

One or more STATs are activated in response to all cytokines that utilize cytokine receptor superfamily members. This receptor family transduces signals for approximately 30 cytokines having diverse biological functions. They share conserved extracellular, ligand-binding motifs suggesting a common evolution.

What is phosphorylation with example?

Phosphorylation: A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound. Examples include the addition of phosphate to glucose to produce glucose monophosphate and the addition of phosphate to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What does STAT bind to?

Once inside the nucleus, the active STAT dimers bind to the promoters of genes containing the consensus recognition motif (GAS motif-ttcnnngaa) and activate transcription of these genes. STATs can bind DNA as dimers or as N-domain-mediated tetramers.

What is the function of STAT?

Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family are intracellular transcription factors that mediate many aspects of cellular immunity, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. They are primarily activated by membrane receptor-associated Janus kinases (JAK).

What occurs in phosphorylation?

Phosphorylation is the process of adding a phosphate group to an existing molecule to prepare it to change or do work. Substrate-level phosphorylation includes the transfer of inorganic phosphate via a donor molecule called guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to ADP in order to form ATP.

What phosphorylation means?

Listen to pronunciation. (fos-FOR-ih-LAY-shun) A process in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule, such as a sugar or a protein.

How is STAT activated?

STAT proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcription factors activated by various extracellular signaling proteins. On activation, STAT proteins can up-regulate the transcription of various target genes and result in uncontrolled cellular proliferation, anti-apoptotic responses, and angiogenesis.

How to evaluate STAT5 phosphorylation as a mean to?

Here we present a simple and sensitive flow cytometric—based assay to assess T cell proliferation. Given the critical role STAT5A phosphorylation in T cell proliferation, we decided to evaluate phosphorylation of STAT5A as an indicator of T cell proliferation. We determined pSTAT5A in T cell treated with either CD3/CD28 or PHA.

What is the role of STAT1 in the cell?

STAT1 has a key role in many gene expressions that cause survival of the cell, viability or pathogen response. There are two possible transcripts (due to alternative splicing) that encode 2 isoforms of STAT1. STAT1 is involved in upregulating genes due to a signal by either type I, type II, or type III interferons.

What is the role of STAT1 in ISGF3?

The S727 phosphorylation of these mutants is restored on IFN-β treatment that induces the formation of the ISGF3 complex (Stat1/Stat2/Irf9) where Irf9 represents the main DNA binding subunit.

How does STAT1 bind to interferon stimulated gene factor 3?

STAT molecules form dimers and bind to ISGF3G/IRF-9, which is Interferon stimulated gene factor 3 complex with Interferon regulatory Factor 9. This allows STAT1 to enter the nucleus. STAT1 has a key role in many gene expressions that cause survival of the cell, viability or pathogen response.