What is migration of neutrophils?

While normally found in the blood stream, neutrophils migrate rapidly to sites of infection in tissue. The neutrophils trans-endothelial migration (TEM) process can occur by migration of neutrophils either directly through individual endothelial cells (the transcellular route) or between them (the paracellular route).

What is transendothelial migration?

Transendothelial Migration/Diapedesis. Diapedesis, the step in which a migrating cell moves from the luminal to the abluminal sides of the vascular wall, is known to occur by two distinct mechanisms: paracellular (between the endothelial cell-cell contacts) and transcellular (through the EC body).

What causes neutrophil migration?

Neutrophil swarms have been observed after infection with multiple types of pathogen, including bacteria64 and protozoa65. Neutrophil infiltration in response to early recruited neutrophil cell death54 is likely to be even more pronounced in infections, as many pathogens can cause necrosis of host cells66.

What is leukocyte transendothelial migration?

Inflammation is tightly regulated by the body and is associated with transient crossing of leukocytes through the blood vessel wall, a process called transendothelial migration (TEM) or diapedesis. TEM is a close collaboration between leukocytes on one hand and the endothelium on the other.

What are the mechanisms of neutrophil transendothelial migration?

This review will summarize old and new key mechanisms of neutrophil transendothelial migration. It will discuss the hypothesis that neutrophil transmigration can be modulated by different factors and that understanding neutrophil transmigration plasticity can be exploited for clinical purposes.

Can you exploit neutrophil Transmigration for clinical purposes?

Perspectives and conclusions: can we exploit neutrophil transmigration plasticity for clinical purposes? Blood (2019) 133 (20): 2149–2158. Marie-Dominique Filippi; Neutrophil transendothelial migration: updates and new perspectives.

When do neutrophils return to the blood circulation?

Diapedesis can occur at EC junctions (paracellular migration) or through the EC body (transcellular migration). Once they have crossed the perivascular basement membrane, neutrophils migrate into the interstitial tissue. They can also return to the blood circulation in a reverse migration process.

Why are neutrophils important to the endothelial cells?

Neutrophils represent the first line of cellular defense against invading microorganism by rapidly moving across the blood–endothelial cell (EC) barrier and exerting effector cell functions.