Who invented the recitative?

In 1761, Joseph Haydn took his post at Esterhazy Palace and soon after composed his Symphony No. 7 (“Le Midi”) in concertante style (i.e. with soloists). In the second movement of that work, the violinist is the soloist in an instrumental recitative.

What is secco recitative?

In recitative. Recitativo secco (“dry recitative”) is sung with a free rhythm dictated by the accents of the words. Accompaniment, usually by continuo (cello and harpsichord), is simple and chordal. The melody approximates speech by using only a few pitches.

What is recitative obbligato?

– Recitativo obbligato is a section of recitative that includes brief yet dramatic moments of orchestral support.

What period is recitative?

Recitative, style of monody (accompanied solo song) that emphasizes and indeed imitates the rhythms and accents of spoken language, rather than melody or musical motives. Modeled on oratory, recitative developed in the late 1500s in opposition to the polyphonic, or many-voiced, style of 16th-century choral music.

What kind of music is a recitative secco?

Recitativo secco (“dry recitative”) is sung with a free rhythm dictated by the accents of the words. Accompaniment, usually by continuo (cello and harpsichord), is simple and chordal. The melody approximates speech by using only a few pitches. Its vocal line is more melodic, and typically it leads into a formal aria.

Which is an example of an instrumental recitative?

In an instrumental recitative, one instrument (or group of instruments) are given the melody line (akin to the role of the singer) and another instrument (or group of instruments) are given the accompaniment role. One of the earliest examples is found in the slow movement of Vivaldi ‘s violin concerto in D,…

Who was the first composer to use the recitative?

Ludwig van Beethoven used the instrumental recitative in at least three works, including Piano Sonata No. 17 (The Tempest), Piano Sonata No. 31, and perhaps most famously in the opening section of the Finale of his Ninth Symphony.

What kind of instruments did Florentine recitatives use?

In the early operas and cantatas of the Florentine school, secco recitatives were accompanied by a variety of instruments, mostly plucked fretted strings including the chitarrone, often with a pipe organ to provide sustained tone.