What anatomy is visible on a panoramic radiograph?

A panoramic image displays the patient’s maxillary and mandibular oral and facial structures across a flat surface.

Why is the recognition of normal anatomic landmarks important on a panoramic image?

Review of Normal Anatomical Landmarks and Variations It is important to understand the landmarks normally seen on panoramic images in order to prevent misdiagnosis of a radiopaque or radiolucent area.

Which anatomical landmark is found in the maxillary anterior region of a panoramic radiograph?

The nasal septum is a radiopaque landmark visible on maxillary central incisor periapicals. Anterior nasal spine – The anterior nasal spine (ANS) is a bony projection located at the base of the nasal septum in the maxillary midline. Radiographically, the ANS appears as a V-shaped or triangular point radiopacity.

What are the normal anatomical landmarks on a radiograph?

1. NORMAL RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMICAL LANDMARKS DR. DIVYA RANA 3. Cervical burnout : Radiographs sometimes show Diffuse radiolucent areas With ill defined borders Present on mesial n distal Aspects of teeth in cervical region These regions appear between The edge of the enamel cap And the crest of the alveolar Ridge.

What are the landmarks of the panoramic system?

Panoramic Anatomy Landmarks Labeled 1 Zygomatic process of the maxilla (malar process) 2 Posterior border of the maxillary sinus 3 Pterygomaxillary fissure 4 Pterygoid process 5 Zygoma 6 Zygomatic process of the temporal bone 7 Articular eminence 8 Condyle 9 External auditory meatus 10 Middle cranial fossa

What is the external oblique ridge on a panoramic radiograph?

External oblique ridge: It is a dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible. Air spaces and shadows of the soft tissues are also visible on the panoramic radiograph. Proper understanding of these structures helps in misinterpreting the radiograph.

Where are the radiolucent bands located on a panoramic radiograph?

Nasopharyngeal air space: It is a diagonal radiolucent band located superior to the radiopaque shadow of the soft palate and uvula. Glossopharyngeal air space: It is a vertical radiolucent band superimposed over the mandibular ramus. The nine areas of the panoramic image are divided into 6 zones which help in the proper interpretation of the image.