What is IgG Kappa?

The most common type of myeloma is IgG kappa. In IgG kappa myeloma, the myeloma cells produce an immunoglobulin made from two IgG heavy chains bound to two kappa light chains. About 15% of patients have light chain myeloma. In this type of myeloma, the myeloma cells secrete only light chain protein and no heavy chains.

What is IgM kappa monoclonal protein?

Immunoglobulin (Ig) M monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM-MGUS) is defined as a serum IgM monoclonal protein < 3 g/dL, bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration < 10%, and no evidence of constitutional symptoms, anemia, hyperviscosity, lymphadenopathy, or hepatosplenomegaly related to the …

What is IgM Kappa Paraprotein?

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraproteinaemias comprise 15–20% of monoclonal proteins but pose unique clinical challenges. IgM paraproteins are more commonly associated with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma than multiple myeloma and can occur in a variety of other mature B-cell neoplasms.

What does kappa light chain mean?

Light chains are proteins produced by immune cells called plasma cells. Also called kappa and lambda light chains, they link together with other proteins (heavy chains) to form immunoglobulins (also known as antibodies) that target and neutralize specific threats to the body such as bacteria and viruses.

What causes elevated Kappa free light chains?

Elevated kappa and lambda (K/L) free light chain (FLC) may occur due to polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia or impaired renal clearance. A specific increase in FLC (eg, FLC K:L ratio) must be demonstrated for diagnostic purposes.

What is Kappa Lambda light chain disease?

Light chain disease: A condition in which plasma cells secrete immunoglobulin light chains of only one type, kappa or lambda. Light chain deposition disease is often associated with multiple myeloma or lymphoproliferative disease, but as many as 50% of patients have no evidence of neoplastic plasma cell proliferation.

What is a Kappa Lambda test?

The test measures the amount of free kappa and lambda light chains in the blood and calculates a kappa/lambda ratio. It does this to help detect, diagnose, and monitor conditions associated with an increased production of free light chains (FLC).

What is Kappa free serum?

Serum free light chains (SFLC, kappa and lambda) are proteins produce by immune cells that are not part of whole (intact) antibodies. Lab tests measure free light chains in the blood and a kappa/lambda ratio to help diagnose multiple myeloma and related diseases.