How is the hockey stick graph a fraud?

But the hockey stick graph is a fraud. A man-made computer software algorithm generated it, and the algorithm is rigged to produce a hockey stick shape no matter what data were entered. Like everything else found in the rigged world of “climate science,” the hockey stick graph was a fraud the day it was generated.

When was the hockey stick myth debunked?

Climate Myth… Hockey stick is broken “In 2003 Professor McKitrick teamed with a Canadian engineer, Steve McIntyre, in attempting to replicate the chart and finally debunked it as statistical nonsense.

What kind of evidence is there for the hockey stick?

The “hockey stick” describes a reconstruction of past temperature over the past 1000 to 2000 years using tree-rings, ice cores, coral and other records that act as proxies for temperature (Mann 1999). The reconstruction found that global temperature gradually cooled over the last 1000 years with a sharp upturn in the 20th Century.

Are there any reconstructions of the hockey stick?

Most later temperature reconstructions fall within the error bars of the original hockey stick. Some show far more variability leading up to the 20 th century than the hockey stick, but none suggest that it has been warmer at any time in the past 1000 years than in the last part of the 20 th century.

When did the hockey stick graph come out?

The most famous case of such a biased finding was a study published in 1999 by Dr. Michael Mann. It showed 900 years of flat temperature followed by 100 years of rapid warming. Its shape quickly led it to be nicknamed the Hockey Stick Graph, and it played a key role in the 2001 U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report.

How old is the hockey stick in science?

Recently in Science, meanwhile, Shaun Marcott of Oregon State University and his colleagues extended the original hockey stick shaft back 11,000 years. “There’s now at least tentative evidence that the warming is unprecedented over the entire period of the Holocene, the entire period since the last ice age,” says Mann. =”#author-information”>

What does the red curve on the hockey stick mean?

The red curve shows measured global mean temperature, according to HadCRUT 4 data from 1850 to 2013. Hockey stick graphs present the global or hemispherical mean temperature record of the past 500 to 2000 years as shown by quantitative climate reconstructions based on climate proxy records.