What is G-CSF mobilization?

Introduction. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been routinely used to therapeutically mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to the bloodstream for transplantation for over two decades.

Is G-CSF proinflammatory?

This evidence indicates that G-CSF could be proinflammatory in inflammatory joint disease. However, administration of G-CSF also elicits regulatory CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells (DC) that dampen allogeneic and mitogenic responses (25–27).

How is G-CSF made commercially?

G-CSF is produced by endothelium, macrophages, and a number of other immune cells. The natural human glycoprotein exists in two forms, a 174- and 177-amino-acid-long protein of molecular weight 19,600 grams per mole.

What is the history of G-CSF in humans?

This review provides a brief history of G-CSF and then focuses on recent advances in our understanding of G-CSF-induced stem cell mobilization and the potential clinical application of this knowledge in chemo-sensitization. 1. History of G-CSF

How is G-CSF used in the treatment of cancer?

Today the knowledge gained in unraveling the mechanisms of stem cell mobilization by G-CSF is being explored as a means to increase chemosensitivity in hematological malignancies.

Are there any side effects to taking G-CSF?

G-CSF can induce a considerable number of short-term side effects, the majority of which are not serious, although undoubtedly uncomfortable, such as malaise, nausea, night sweats, with the most commonly reported being bone pain [96], [97], [98], [99].

How is the sympathetic nervous system inhibited by G-CSF?

G-CSF-induced mobilization is severely inhibited in mice where the sympathetic nervous system is disrupted by genetic or pharmacological means [71], implicating an active role for the nervous system in G-CSF-mediated HSC mobilization. Both β2 and β3-adrenergic receptors appear to co-operate in this process [72].