What is a pattern esotropia?

An A-pattern esotropia is an inward deviation of the visual axes in which there is more inward deviation of the eyes in midline upgaze than in midline downgaze.

What is a pattern strabismus?

Pattern strabismus is defined as a difference in the magnitude of a horizontal deviation between up and downgaze. It is also known by its alternative term “alphabet patterns” in European literature.

What causes V pattern exotropia?

The most widely accepted mechanism contributing to the causation of V-pattern strabismus is associated with inferior oblique muscle overaction and/or relative underaction of the superior oblique muscles, as shown in the images below. Patient with V-pattern exotropia and inferior oblique muscle overaction.

What is esotropia?

Esotropia describes an inward turning of the eye and is the most common type of strabismus in infants. Young children with esotropia do not use their eyes together.

What is the relationship between a and V pattern esotropia?

There is a frequent occurrence of “A” pattern esotropia accompanied by inferior oblique underaction in patients with upslanting palpebral fissures and an association of “V” pattern exotropia with inferior oblique muscle overaction. 14 In patients with downslanting palpebral fissures the opposite occurs.

Why do some people have esotropia but not all?

Esotropia is caused by eye misalignment (strabismus). While strabismus can be hereditary, not all family members will develop the same type. Some people develop esotropia, while others might develop eyes that turn outward instead (exotropia).

What’s the difference between esotropia and lazy eye?

It is the opposite of exotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than esophoria. Esotropia is sometimes erroneously called “lazy eye”, which describes the condition of amblyopia —a reduction in vision of one or both eyes that is not the result of any pathology of the eye and cannot be resolved by the use of corrective lenses.

What kind of esotropia does a Strabismus have?

Fig. 80.2 “A” pattern esotropia. This girl has an A-pattern esotropia showing an increase in the deviation in upgaze and orthophoria in downgaze. Fig. 80.3 Y pattern exotropia. This girl has a Y-pattern exotropia with pseudo inferior oblique overaction. She is orthophoric in the primary position, horizontal sidegaze, and all downgaze fields.