What is the pathway for PGO waves?

PGO waves are spiky EEG waves that arise in the pons and are transmitted to the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (a visual system nucleus) and to the visual occipital cortex (thus the name PGO).

What causes PGO?

Cholinergic neurons are neurons that use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Through different studies, these types of neurons have been proven to promote PGO wave generation, thus being an excitatory neuromodulator for triggering neurons.

Do PGO waves occur during REM sleep?

PGO wave bursts typically come in clusters of 3–5 and occur at approximately 30–60 spikes per minute both preceding and during REM sleep (Bowe-Anders et al., 1974; Datta, 1997). PGO Waves have also been recorded in a state of wakefulness, albeit at lower amplitude and frequency (Brooks, 1968; Stern et al., 1972).

What PGO spikes?

pontine–geniculo–occipital spikes: voltage peaks, recorded via implanted or scalp electrodes during sleep, that occur in the pons, lateral geniculate nucleus, and occipital cortex and are associated with REM sleep.

What does the G in PGO waves stand for?

Ponto-geniculo-occipital Waves
Ponto-geniculo-occipital Waves and Alerting. PGO waves, or spikes as they were originally named, are macropotential waves first recorded in the pontine tegmentum, lateral geniculate body, and the occipital (visual) cortex of cats, hence the acronym.

What happens in REM sleep disorder?

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder is a sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep — sometimes called dream-enacting behavior.

Why are EEG waves larger when brain activity decreases?

EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because: the EEG measures muscle tension, which also decreases.

What is lateral geniculate body?

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; also called the lateral geniculate body or lateral geniculate complex) is a relay center in the thalamus for the visual pathway. It is a small, ovoid, ventral projection of the thalamus where the thalamus connects with the optic nerve.

What wave is REM sleep?

The fifth stage of sleep is called rapid eye movement (REM). The body experiences bursts of rapid eye movements, and brain waves change to those we experience while being awake. What is the Most Important Stage of Sleep? All of the four stages of sleep are important.

Does REM sleep disorder lead to dementia?

MINNEAPOLIS – People who get less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep may have a greater risk of developing dementia, according to a new study published in the August 23, 2017, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology. REM sleep is the sleep stage when dreaming occurs.

Does REM sleep disorder go away?

The onset of REM sleep behavior disorder is often gradual and it can get worse with time. REM sleep behavior disorder may be associated with other neurological conditions, such as Lewy body dementia (also called dementia with Lewy bodies), Parkinson’s disease or multiple system atrophy.

Does the brain remain active during sleep?

Sleep is important to a number of brain functions, including how nerve cells (neurons) communicate with each other. In fact, your brain and body stay remarkably active while you sleep. Recent findings suggest that sleep plays a housekeeping role that removes toxins in your brain that build up while you are awake.