What does Level 2a lymph nodes mean?

Level II lymph nodes are related to the upper third of the jugular vein, extending from the skull base to the inferior border of the hyoid bone. The posterior border of level II is the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, while the anterior border of level II has been defined as the stylohyoid muscle.

What are the levels of neck dissection?

The 1991 classification schema classified selective neck dissections into the following categories: supraomohyoid neck dissection (levels I, II, III), lateral neck dissection (levels II, III, IV), anterior compartment neck dissection (VI), and posterolateral neck dissection (levels II, III, IV, V).

What are the three types of neck dissection?

There are 3 main types of neck dissection surgery:

• Radical neck dissection. All the tissue on the side of the neck from the jawbone to the collarbone is removed.
• Modified radical neck dissection. This is the most common type of neck dissection.
• Selective neck dissection.

What is a Level 1 neck dissection?

Submandibular and submental dissection (Level I) If perifacial lymph nodes do not require removal, the superior skin flap is raised to the inferior aspect of the submandibular gland. The fascia over the gland is incised, and the posterior facial vein is ligated and divided. Both are elevated off the gland.

How long is recovery from neck dissection?

If you only have a neck dissection, you may be able to go home after just 3 days. If you’ve had any additional surgery, a stay of 1-2 weeks is more common. If you have any complications you may be in for more than 2 weeks.

Which structure is not removed in radical neck dissection?

Important extra-nodal structures such as the spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein and sternocleidomastoid muscle are sacrificed. Post- auricular, periparotid, suboccipital, perifacial, buccinator, retropharyngeal and paratracheal nodes are not removed in this nodal dissection.

What are the side effects of a neck dissection?

Side effects

• pain and stiffness.
• bruising.
• signs of infection, such as pain, redness, yellow discharge (pus) or fever.
• a collection of fluid under the skin (seroma) in the neck near the cut.
• swelling due to a buildup of lymph fluid in the soft tissues (lymphedema)
• changes in the shape of the neck.

When is a selective neck dissection done?

General Indications As a general rule, selective neck dissection is performed in patients with cancer arising in the head and neck region who are considered at risk for metastatic disease in the regional cervical lymph nodes.

How quickly do cancerous lymph nodes grow?

If the lymph node is cancerous, the rapidity with which the lump arises and grows depends on the type of lymphoma that is present. In rapidly growing lymphomas, lumps can appear in a matter of days or weeks; in slower-growing types, it can take months or even years.

What are the different levels of neck dissection?

A selective neck dissection consists of the preservation of one or more lymph node groups (level I-V) and all three non-lymphatic structures with the removal of the cervical lymph nodes which are considered to be at high risk for metastasis from a given primary site.

Which is an example of a radical neck dissection?

Extended radical neck dissection (ERND) refers to the removal of one. or more additional lymph node groups or non-lymphatic structures, or both, not encompassed by the radical neck dissection. Examples of such lymph node groups include: parapharyngeal (retropharyngeal) nodes.

Which is anterior or posterior in neck dissection?

This group is further divided by the vertical plane in relation to the spinal accessory nerve. Level 2a is anterior to this plane and level 2b is posterior. Cancers of oral www.intechopen.com Neck Dissection – Clinical Appl ication and Recent Advances

What is the definition of modified neck dissection?

Modified radical neck dissection refers to the excision of all lymph nodes routinely removed by the radical neck dissection, with preservation of one or more nonlymphatic structures: i.e., spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein (IJV) and sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM).