How is SCLC mobility calculated?

Charge carrier mobility can be measured in the SCLC regime as described by J=9ε0εrμV2/8L3, (1) Where ε0 is the permittivity of free space (8.8542×10-12 F/m), εr is the dielectric constant of the active layer, μe is the electron mobility, V is the voltage drop across the device, L is the active layer thickness.

What is SCLC mobility?

These were the steady-state space-charge limited current (SCLC) method and the transient methods: time-of-flight (ToF), dark-injection transient current (DITC) and charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV). SCLC was the only technique that was able to extract a mobility measurement on every device.

Which characterization technique is used for mobility measurement of organic semiconductor?

TOF is a widely used technique for determination of charge carrier mobilities in organic semiconductors.

What is space-charge limit?

One-carrier space-charge-limited. Definition: if an electron injecting contact is applied to an insulator, electrons will travel from the metal into the conduction band of the insulator and form a space-charge similar to that of a vacuum diode.

What is space charge effect?

: the limitation of flow of plate current in an electron tube produced by repulsion exerted on electrons leaving the filament by the other electrons in the region between filament and plate.

What is space charge current?

When an external electric field is applied, further charges are injected from low-barrier electrode to the polymer, and an equilibrium stage is reached when injected carriers are comparable or even higher than the free carriers concentration; at this stage, the flow of current is referred as space charge–limited …

How is charge mobility calculated?

The most common way to make your electrical measurements is to deposit the HTL on gals and then supply it with two or three metallic ohmic contacted. relation: R= L/qupA, where R is the resistance, u the mobility, p is the hole concentration, L the the length of the specimen and A its cross sectional area.

What is space charge width?

In semiconductor physics, the depletion region, also called depletion layer, depletion zone, junction region, space charge region or space charge layer, is an insulating region within a conductive, doped semiconductor material where the mobile charge carriers have been diffused away, or have been forced away by an …

What causes space charge?

Space charge refers to the collection of electrons which are emitted from the metal surface, after the application of tube current, at a short distance away from the metal surface. These electrons collect and form a cloud of negative charge around the metal surface.

Which has higher mobility electron or hole?

The electron mobilty is often greater than hole mobility because quite often, the electron effective mass is smaller than hole effective mass. The relaxation times are often of the same order of magnitude for electrons and holes and therefore, they do not make too much difference.

Why does mobility decrease with temperature?

Mobility μ decreases with temperature because more carriers are present and these carriers are more energetic at higher temperatures. Each of these facts results in an increased number of collisions and μ decreases. That causes its drift velocity to be less than it would be at a lower temperature.

How to calculate hole mobility by SCLC in organic solar cells?

How can I calculate the hole mobility by SCLC in organic solar cells? I scanned form -3V to +3V and got some data. I know the equation: u= (8d3J)/ (9ε0εr V2). I wonder what it is the “J” and “V” in the equation.

Which is the correct equation for photosynthesis equation?

The following is the balanced photosynthesis equation, which will help you to understand this process: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Carbon dioxide + Water + Light energy → Glucose + Oxygen The reactants are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight, which after completion of the reaction give rise to glucose and oxygen.

How is the mobility of a SCLC measured?

SCLC mobility measurements are typically performed by measuring steady-state current–voltage (I – V) curves and fitting with either of Eqs. (1), (3) by varying the fit parameters (μSCLC or μ0 and γ) with other parameters (V, d, AND ε) known or assumed. The advantage of Eq. (3) is that it is able to fit a broader range of I – V curves.

What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is such that the products of one system are the reactants of the other. Photosynthesis involves the use of energy from sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.