What are 3 factors that may cause mental retardation?

A number of factors including environmental factors, genetic factors, malnutrition, maternal use of alcohol during pregnancy, drug and poverty are responsible for MR. The congenital dysfunction of brain and injury of brain can also cause MR.

What are the three types of retardation?

Mental retardation comprises five general categories: borderline, mild, moderate, severe and profound. Categories are based on scores obtained through use of age-standardized tests of cognitive ability (Table 1).

What are the five causes of mental retardation?

What causes intellectual disability?

• trauma before birth, such as an infection or exposure to alcohol, drugs, or other toxins.
• trauma during birth, such as oxygen deprivation or premature delivery.
• inherited disorders, such as phenylketonuria (PKU) or Tay-Sachs disease.
• chromosome abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.

How can we prevent mental retardation?

Prenatal diagnosis, newborn screening, dietary supplementation or restriction, hormone replacement, vaccination, and immunotherapy are just some of the techniques that have been applied to prevent mental retardation.

What is the major cause of mental retardation in phenylketonuria?

1) deficiency. PAH is a liver-specific enzyme that catalyses the hydroxylation of l-phenylalanine (Phe) to l-tyrosine in the presence of the cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin. Accumulation of phenylalanine generates a brain damage and consequently irreversible mental retardation.

What qualifies as mental retardation?

Mental retardation is a condition of arrested or incomplete development of the mind, which is especially characterized by impairment of skills manifested during the developmental period, which contribute to the overall level of intelligence, i.e. cognitive, language, motor, and social abilities.

What is mental retardation now called?

In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the APA replaced “mental retardation” with “intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder).” The APA included the parenthetical name “(intellectual developmental disorder)” to indicate that the diagnosed deficits …