What is a voltage reference device?

A voltage reference is an electronic device that ideally produces a fixed (constant) voltage irrespective of the loading on the device, power supply variations, temperature changes, and the passage of time.

What is reference voltage for ADC?

ADCs convert analog inputs that can vary from zero volts on up to a maximum voltage level that is called the reference voltage. The reference voltage determines the ceiling of what the ADC can convert, and is essentially the yardstick against which every proportion and result is measured.

What is ppm voltage?

Accuracy Parts per Million Another reference accuracy unit found in data sheets is parts per million, or ppm. This unit is typically used to specify temperature coefficients and other parameters that change very little under varying conditions. For a 2.5V reference, 1ppm is one-millionth of 2.5V, or 2.5µV.

What is the difference between voltage regulator and voltage reference?

A voltage regulator is designed to take a variable voltage in (say, 2-5v), and output a constant voltage (say, 3.3v). On the flip side, a voltage reference is designed to take a variable voltage, and deliver EXACTLY the rated output voltage.

How the voltage reference affects ADC performance?

The series voltage reference provides better performance in all of these categories. where “Code” is the ADC output code in decimal form, VIN is the analog input voltage to the ADC, n is the number of ADC output bits, and VREF is the analog value of the ref- erence voltage to the ADC.

Why do we use reference voltage?

A voltage reference is a precision device specifically designed to maintain a constant output voltage, even as parameters such as ambient temperature or supply voltage change. The precision of a voltage reference enables its use in several differ- ent types of applications beyond a data converter.

How is ADC calculated?

ADC has a resolution of one part in 4,096, where 212 = 4,096. Thus, a 12-bit ADC with a maximum input of 10 VDC can resolve the measurement into 10 VDC/4096 = 0.00244 VDC = 2.44 mV. Similarly, for the same 0 to 10 VDC range, a 16-bit ADC resolution is 10/216 = 10/65,536 = 0.153 mV.

How do you convert mV to ppm?

Scroll down to mV in the “From” scroll box and then click “mV.” Scroll down to the “To” scroll box and then click “ppm.” Type the number of mV you want to convert into the “From” text box and then click “Submit.” The result will appear on the first line in a new page.

How do you convert voltage to ppm?

x = 10 ^ ( (0.1903 + 158.631)/62.877 ) = 335 ppm << which is the normal air concentrations….Re: How to get voltage reading into ppm

1. The output of the CO2 sensor is in VOLTS.
2. The voltage under normal air concentration is 220 mV.
3. EMF = sensor voltage.
4. DELTA-EMF = sensor voltage – 220 mV.

How many types of voltage regulators are there?

Basically, there are two types of Voltage regulators: Linear voltage regulator and Switching voltage regulator. There are two types of Linear voltage regulators: Series and Shunt. There are three types of Switching voltage regulators: Step up, Step down, and Inverter voltage regulators.

Where are voltage regulators used?

Such a device is widely used in motor vehicles of all types to match the output voltage of the generator to the electrical load and to the charging requirements of the battery. Voltage regulators also are used in electronic equipment in which excessive variations in voltage would be detrimental.

How much does a 1% accurate voltage reference cost?

This device costs about a dollar and is a “shunt” reference similar in general concept to a zener except that it isn’t nearly as picky as to the current flowing through it. With a 1% accurate device at room temperature, the output voltage is 5.00V plus or minus 50 mV.

How is the breakdown voltage of a Zener determined?

Zeners provide their stated breakdown voltage only with a particular test current, I z, flowing through them. This means that the series-limiting resistor shown in Figure 1 must be sized to guarantee that this current will, indeed, flow. FIGURE 1. Inexpensive, 5% accurate, 5.1V reference.

What’s the aging rate of a voltage reference?

In other words, even though the temperature, applied voltage, and load current may be constant, all voltage references will slowly drift over time. A 15 ppm/1,000/hour aging rate means that after 1,000 hours (about 42 days), the voltage can be expected to be 15/1,000,000 or .0015% higher or lower than its original value.

What is the breakdown voltage of a Diz 5.0?

For instance, the LM4040 DIZ-5.0 has a worst-case temperature coefficient of 150 ppm/°C. This means that for every degree up (or down) from 25°C, the breakdown voltage of the device will change by 150/1,000,000 or .015%.