Can a male with PMDS get pregnant?

She was diagnosed with Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) last year. Boston, Massachusetts: A trans teen who was born with male genitalia and raised as a boy has become pregnant after finding out that she has female reproductive parts.

What causes persistent Mullerian duct syndrome?

Approximately 45 percent of cases of persistent Müllerian duct syndrome are caused by mutations in the AMH gene and are called persistent Müllerian duct syndrome type 1. Approximately 40 percent of cases are caused by mutations in the AMHR2 gene and are called persistent Müllerian duct syndrome type 2.

How many people have persistent Müllerian duct syndrome?

It is not clear how many people have persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS). At least 250 people with PMDS have been reported in the medical literature.

Why does the Mullerian duct regress?

Müllerian duct regression is induced by the expression of Amh, encoding anti-Müllerian hormone, from the fetal testes. Subsequently, receptor-mediated signal transduction in mesenchymal cells surrounding the Müllerian duct epithelium leads to duct elimination.

What is the function of Mullerian duct?

The function of the Mullerian ducts is to give rise to the organs that function in female reproduction. In the male, these ducts will disappear through atrophy.

What is Mullerian duct anomalies?

Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are congenital abnormalities that occur when the Müllerian ducts (paramesonephric ducts) do not develop correctly. This may be as a result of complete agenesis, defective vertical or lateral fusion, or resorption failure.

Do males have Mullerian ducts?

development in …ducts, called the paramesonephric or müllerian ducts, persist, in females, to develop into the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and part of the vagina; in males they are largely suppressed.

Can people with PMDS give birth?

We conclude that fertility is rare but possible in PMDS provided 2 conditions are met: at least 1 testis should be normally descended and the excretory ducts should be intact. All fertile PMDS patients fathered children before their condition had been diagnosed.

What is Mullerian duct in female?

The Müllerian duct (MD) is the embryonic structure that develops into the female reproductive tract (FRT), including the oviduct, uterus, cervix and upper vagina. The FRT has essential functions in mammals, providing the site of fertilization, embryo implantation and fetal development.

What do Mullerian ducts develop into?

The müllerian ducts are the progenitors of the upper female genital tract and develop into the fallopian tubes at their cranial ends and fuse to form the uterus and upper part of the vagina at their caudal ends.

Is there such a thing as Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome?

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a disorder of sexual development that affects males. Males with PMDS have normal male reproductive organs and normal male external genitalia. However, they also have a uterus and fallopian tubes (female reproductive organs).

When does the Mullerian duct break down in males?

The Müllerian duct usually breaks down during early development in males, but it is retained in those with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. Affected individuals have the normal chromosomes of a male (46,XY) and normal external male genitalia.

What are mutations in Mullerian duct syndrome AMHR2?

Most people with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome have mutations in the AMH gene or the AMHR2 gene. The AMH gene provides instructions for making a protein called anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The AMHR2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called AMH receptor type 2.