What do you mean by Bose Einstein condensation?

A state of matter in which atoms or particles are chilled to such low energies that they ‘condense’ into a single quantum state. The atoms become a BEC, which has quantum mechanical behavior. …

What is Bose Einstein condensate used for?

One application for BEC is for the building of so-called atom lasers, which could have applications ranging from atomic-scale lithography to measurement and detection of gravitational fields.

Who found Bose Einstein condensate?

Bose-Einstein condensates were first predicted theoretically by Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974), an Indian physicist who also discovered the subatomic particle named for him, the boson. Bose was working on statistical problems in quantum mechanics, and sent his ideas to Albert Einstein.

What are the properties of Bose Einstein condensate?

The most obvious property of a BEC is that a large fraction of its particles occupy the same, namely the lowest, energy state. In atomic condensates this can be confirmed by measuring the velocity distribution of the atoms in the gas.

What are the 7 different states of matter?

Explanation: Solids, liquid and gas (the ones we all are familiar with). Then also ionised plasmas, Bose-Einstein condensate, Fermionic condensate, and Quark-Gluon plasma.

Can we see Bose-Einstein condensate?

When it first forms, though, the condensate is still surrounded by the normal gas atoms, so it looks a bit like a pit inside a cherry. Could I just look into the experiment and see it? Yes, but it is quite a small lump, so you need to use a microscope.

What brings about a change of state of matter?

Going through a phase. Adding or removing energy from matter causes a physical change as matter moves from one state to another. For example, adding thermal energy (heat) to liquid water causes it to become steam or vapor (a gas). And removing energy from liquid water causes it to become ice (a solid).

What does Bose-Einstein condensate look like in real life?

It looks like a dense little lump in the bottom of the magnetic trap/bowl; kind of like a drop of water condensing out of damp air onto a cold bowl. When it first forms, though, the condensate is still surrounded by the normal gas atoms, so it looks a bit like a pit inside a cherry.

How is the Bose-Einstein condensate ( BEC ) described?

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a state of matter in which separate atoms or subatomic particles, cooled to near absolute zero (0 K, − 273.15 °C, or − 459.67 °F; K = kelvin), coalesce into a single quantum mechanical entity—that is, one that can be described by a wave function—on a near-macroscopic scale.

Which is the fifth state of matter Bose-Einstein condensate?

A Bose–Einstein condensate ( BEC) is a state of matter (also called the fifth state of matter) which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (-273.15 °C).

When did Wolfgang Ketterle produce the Bose condensate?

Shortly thereafter, Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT produced a Bose–Einstein Condensate in a gas of sodium atoms. For their achievements Cornell, Wieman, and Ketterle received the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Why are fermions and Bose Einsteins different?

As Bose noted, the two classes behave differently ( see Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics ). According to the Pauli exclusion principle, fermions tend to avoid each other, for which reason each electron in a group occupies a separate quantum state (indicated by different quantum numbers, such as the electron’s energy).