What triggers nonsense mediated decay?

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a surveillance pathway that exists in all eukaryotes. NMD was discovered when it was realized that cells often contain unexpectedly low concentrations of mRNAs that are transcribed from alleles carrying nonsense mutations.

What triggers NMD?

NMD is triggered upon the translation-dependent and highly regulated association of UPF1 with an EJC when translation terminates sufficiently upstream of an EJC so that the terminating ribosome does not physically displace the EJC (see below).

Are mediated mRNA decay?

ARE-mediated decay (AMD) defines a mechanism leading to the rapid degradation of messenger RNAs (mRNA) due to the presence of AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs). Other ARE-binding proteins (ARE-BPs) such as TIAR and TIA-1 inhibit mRNA translation13,14.

What is nonstop mRNA decay?

Abstract. Nonstop decay is the mechanism of identifying and disposing aberrant transcripts that lack in-frame stop codons. It is hypothesized that these transcripts are identified during translation when the ribosome arrives at the 3′ end of the mRNA and stalls.

What is the purpose of nonsense mediated mRNA decay?

Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) was originally coined to define a quality control mechanism that targets mRNAs with truncated open reading frames due to the presence of a premature termination codon.

How is nonsense mediated decay related to Marfan syndrome?

Nonsense-mediated decay mutations can also contribute to Marfan syndrome. This disorder is caused by mutations in the fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene and is resulted from a dominant negative interaction between mutant and wild-type fibrillin-1 gene.

How many X chromosomes does nonsense mediated decay have?

There has been evidence that the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway participates in X chromosome dosage compensation in mammals. In higher eukaryotes with dimorphic sex chromosomes, such as humans and fruit flies, males have one X chromosome, whereas females have two.

What kind of hormones are produced in nonsense-mediated decay?

It yields a range of biologically active peptides and hormones and undergoes tissue-specific posttranslational processing to yield a range of biologically active peptides producing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), b-endorphin, and a-, b- and c-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).