What does laminar necrosis mean?

Cortical laminar necrosis, also known as pseudolaminar necrosis, is necrosis of neurons in the cortex of the brain in situations when the supply of oxygen and glucose is inadequate to meet regional demands. This is often encountered in cardiac arrest, global hypoxia and hypoglycemia.

What causes laminar cortical necrosis?

Cortical laminar necrosis is predominantly caused by hypoxia and metabolic disorders, like hypoglycemia, intoxication, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, renal and hepatic dysfunction, but may also be seen in patients with encephalitis [8–10].

What is cortical enhancement?

Gyral enhancement, also known as gyriform, cortical, or grey matter enhancement, is a pattern of contrast enhancement in the superficial brain parenchyma that conforms to the serpentine morphology of the cerebral gyri.

Is a cortex?

In anatomy and zoology, the cortex (plural cortices) is the outermost (or superficial) layer of an organ. Organs with well-defined cortical layers include kidneys, adrenal glands, ovaries, the thymus, and portions of the brain, including the cerebral cortex, the best-known of all cortices.

What is coagulative necrosis?

Coagulative necrosis is a type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction. In coagulative necrosis, the architectures of dead tissue are preserved for at least a couple of days.

What does hemorrhagic transformation mean?

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It occurs when peripheral blood extravasates across a disrupted blood brain barrier (BBB) into the brain following ischemic stroke. Preventing HT is important as it worsens stroke outcome and increases mortality.

What is the cortex?

The cerebral cortex is a sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain. It has up to six layers of nerve cells. The cortex is gray because nerves in this area lack the insulation (myelin) that makes most other parts of the brain appear to be white.

What is an infarction?

Infarction, death of tissue resulting from a failure of blood supply, commonly due to obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or narrowing of the blood-vessel channel. The dead tissue is called an infarct.

What does enhancement mean on a CT scan?

Contrast enhancement is a ubiquitous term in radiology and can be used in three ways. Firstly, it may refer to any method of exaggerating the visible difference between adjacent structures on imaging by administering contrast media/agents. This includes differentiating between normal structures.

What enhances on brain MRI?

Gadolinium is a chemical compound given during MRI scans that highlights areas of inflammation (Active Lesions). A gadolinium-enhanced MRI scan shows active lesions, meaning that there is a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and inflammation is present. Therefore, gadolinium-enhanced lesions are new.