What are the 4 stages of swallowing?

There are 4 phases of swallowing:

• The Pre-oral Phase. – Starts with the anticipation of food being introduced into the mouth – Salivation is triggered by the sight and smell of food (as well as hunger)
• The Oral Phase.
• The Pharyngeal Phase.
• The Oesophageal Phase.

What is the voluntary phase of swallowing?

The oral phase of swallowing is the first stage of deglutition, and it is a voluntary process. It is also commonly known as the buccal phase. It involves the contraction of the tongue to push the bolus up against the soft palate and then posteriorly into the oropharynx by both the tongue and the soft palate.

What is the first phase of swallowing?

Swallowing starts with the oral phase. This phase begins when food is placed in the mouth and moistened with saliva. Moistened food is called a food bolus. The food bolus is voluntarily chewed with the teeth that are controlled by the muscles of mastication (chewing).

What controls the oral phase of swallowing?

The oral phase is voluntary and is controlled by cranial nerves V, VII, and XII. The food bolus is transferred into the oropharynx by the base of the tongue. Once the food bolus reaches the pharynx, the involuntary pharyngeal phase begins.

How do you trigger a swallow?

Ice massage with an ice stick applied to the throat, base of the anterior faucial arches, base of the tongue, and posterior pharyngeal wall is widely used in Japan as a prefeeding technique to induce dry swallowing, to stimulate swallowing apraxia for initiating the swallow action, and in daily swallowing training.

What happens in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

This phase involves a rapid sequence of overlapping events. The soft palate rises, the hyoid bone and larynx move upward and forward, the vocal folds move to the midline, the epiglottis folds backward to protect the airway, and the tongue pushes backward and downward into the pharynx to propel the bolus downward.

How do you trigger a swallow reflex?

The swallowing reflex is triggered by mechanical or chemical stimulation of the soft palate, uvula, dorsum of the tongue, or posterior wall of the pharynx [19].

What muscles help you swallow?

These muscles include the omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles (ansa cervicalis), and the thyrohyoid muscle (CN XII). [17] The longitudinal pharyngeal muscles function to condense and expand the pharynx as well as help elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

What is a normal swallow?

The normal swallow in humans was originally described with a three-stage sequential model. The swallowing process was classified into oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal stages according to the location of the bolus. However, this model cannot represent the bolus movement and the process of eating of solid food.

Is swallowing a reflex action?

The swallowing reflex is an elaborate involuntary reflex that involves a swallowing center, or a swallowing pattern generator, in the brainstem. Pharyngeal and esophageal peristalsis mediated by the swallowing reflex is known as primary peristalsis.

What causes a delayed swallow?

Delayed/Absent Swallowing Response(transition between the oral and pharyngeal stages of swallow) occurs if the bolus rolls over the base of tongue before the swallowing response triggers.

How do you describe the first phase of swallowing?

Swallowing starts with the oral phase. This phase begins when food is placed in the mouth and moistened with saliva. Moistened food is called a food bolus. The food bolus is voluntarily chewed with the teeth that are controlled by the muscles of mastication (chewing).

What does the voluntary oral stage do in the swallowing?

The oral stage of the swallow is also a mechanical, voluntary stage and is designed to move food from the front of the oral cavity to the pharynx, wherein the pharyngeal stage of swallow is initiated.

What is the involuntary phase of swallowing?

Pharyngeal Phase – An involuntary phase of swallowing where the food is further pushed into the pharynx. It’s important to note that the larynx is closed during this phase to prevent the food from traveling “down the wrong pipe”, which protects the lungs from damage. Esophageal Phase –In this phase,…

What is the voluntary phase of swallowing called?

The oral phase of swallowing is the first stage of deglutition, and it is a voluntary process. It is also commonly known as the buccal phase. It involves the contraction of the tongue to push the bolus up against the soft palate and then posteriorly into the oropharynx by both the tongue and the soft palate.