What is the volume of distribution for vancomycin?

The volume of distribution is 0.4–1 L/kg [2, 4–7]. The binding of vancomycin to protein has been reported in the literature to range from 10% to 50% [8–11]. Factors that affect the overall activity of vancomycin include its tissue distribution, inoculum size, and protein-binding effects.

How do you calculate volume of distribution?

Volume of distribution (Vd), represents the apparent volume into which the drug is distributed to provide the same concentration as it currently is in blood plasma. It is calculated by the amount of the drug in the body divided by the plasma concentration [19].

How do you calculate vancomycin ke?

Again, based on population kinetics, it has been determined that we can estimate k e with the equation 0.00083*CrCl + 0.0044.

How do you calculate AUC MIC ratio for vancomycin?

The empiric AUC:MIC ratio for a vancomycin dosing regimen can be predicted in advance by a simple formula: First, divide the total daily dose of vancomycin by the estimated clearance of vancomycin. Then divide this number by the MIC.

What antibiotic class is vancomycin?

Vancomycin is in a class of medications called glycopeptide antibiotics. It works by killling bacteria in the intestines. Vancomycin will not kill bacteria or treat infections in any other part of the body when taken by mouth.

Is vancomycin hydrophilic or lipophilic?

Despite being hydrophilic, vancomycin has a wide Vd in critically ill patients (>1.0 L/kg) and >90 % is renally cleared. As such, taking into account the abovementioned pharmacokinetic alterations in both the obese and the critically ill, dosing can be challenging.

What is considered a low volume of distribution?

If the volume is between 7 4 and 15 7 L, the drug is thought to be distributed throughout the blood (plasma and red blood cells). The smaller the volume of distribution, the more likely that the drug is confined to the circulatory system.

Why is it called apparent volume of distribution?

A Volume of distribution This calculated value does not correspond to an anatomical or physiological part of the organism and can be much larger than the volume of total body water. It is therefore called ‘apparent’ volume of distribution.

How is vancomycin half-life calculated?

Other pharmacists use the half-life (t1/2) equation (t1/2 = 0.693/Kel) to estimate how long to wait to reach the goal trough, using the Matzke equation to calculate the elimination constant (Kel) for vancomycin1: Kel=0.00083×(CrCl)+0.0044, Thus,t1/2=0.6930.00083×(CrCl)+0.0044.

Can I take vancomycin every 4 hours?

Try to space your doses out evenly throughout the day, so ideally, take a dose every six hours. Continue to take the capsules until the full course is finished – if you stop too soon, your infection may return and could be more difficult to treat. You can take the capsules either with or without food.

What is the AUC MIC ratio?

The pharmacodynamic parameter that is thought to best predict vancomycin efficacy is the ratio of the 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve to MIC (here referred to as AUC/MIC) (10–13).

What is the MIC of vancomycin?

Vancomycin susceptibility is currently defined as an MIC ≤2mcg/mL, vancomycin intermediate S. aureus (VISA) as an MIC equal to 4 to 8 mcg/mL, and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) as an MIC ≥16mcg/mL [13].

How to calculate vancomycin clearance and volume of distribution?

For users who would like to use a specific volume of distribution value (L/kg), this option can be selected. Bayesian modeling can be used to estimate a patient’s vancomycin clearance (CL vanco) and volume of distribution (Vd) on the basis of one single vancomycin level either at steady state or even after one single dose.

How to calculate the second dose of vancomycin?

The peak is used to estimate Vd at that time, which helps to calculate the second dose, but Vd fluctuates greatly within patients over time Consider rounding SCr up to 0.7 mg/dL. Note: When the dosing interval is >24 hours, the AUC is higher during the first 24 hours of the dosing interval compared to the last 24 hours of the interval.

What should your body weight be for vancomycin?

Part III: Distribution of Vancomycin Doses. Ideal and adjusted body weight might not take into account all of a person’s muscle or adipose tissues that are exposed to vancomycin. So in general, remember actual (aka total) body weight and a volume of distribution of 0.7 L/kg using that total body weight.

How to calculate a vancomycin steady state trough?

A. Design an every 12 hour vancomycin dosing regimen to have a steady state trough of 10 mg/L (assume the correct time for troughs is 30 minutes before the next dose). First determine the exact dose and then a reasonable one that might be used clinically. Doses will be given as 2-hour infusions. B. If gentamicin is added to the course of