What develops from the second branchial arch?

The second branchial arch cartilage produces the stapes, the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligament, and the superior portion of the body of the hyoid. The other branchial arch cartilages contribute to the inferior portion of the hyoid as well as the thyroid cartilage.

What do the branchial arches develop into?

The endoderm of the branchial arches develops into endocrine viscera of the neck, including the thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands. The mesoderm germ cell layer forms adult vasculature and musculature structures from endothelial cells and myoblasts, respectively, in the head, neck, and upper thorax.

What muscle does branchial arch 2?

The nerve associated with the second pharyngeal arch is the facial nerve (CN VII). It innervates all the muscular derivatives of the 2nd arch – the muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, platysma and the posterior belly of digastric.

What develops from the second pharyngeal pouch?

The second pharyngeal pouch develops into the palatine tonsils, a secondary lymphoid organ playing a role in protecting the body from pathogens passing through the pharynx. The third pharyngeal pouch develops into the thymus and inferior portion of the parathyroid.

What does branchial mean?

: of, relating to, or supplying the gills or associated structures or their embryonic precursors.

Why does the fifth pharyngeal arch disappear?

By differential growth the neck elongates and new arches form, so the pharynx has six arches ultimately. Although there are six pharyngeal arches, in humans the fifth arch exists only transiently during embryogenesis.

What gives rise to thyroid?

The thyroid originates from two main structures: the primitive pharynx and the neural crest. The rudimentary lateral thyroid develops from neural crest cells, while the median thyroid, which forms the bulk of the gland, arises from the primitive pharynx.

Do Branchial cysts have to be removed?

Although not truly a sign of infection, excessive drainage can be bothersome, prompting surgical intervention. Treatment requires complete surgical removal of the cyst and possibly the sinus tract. The exact procedure performed depends upon the anatomical location and type of the branchial cleft abnormality.

What causes a branchial cyst?

What are the causes? Branchial cleft cysts and sinus tracts are congenital anomalies, meaning they result from an unexpected change in the womb before birth. Although most commonly unilateral (occurring on one side of the neck), they can be bilateral (both sides of the neck).

Which pharyngeal arch disappears soon after formation?

Between the pharyngeal arches there are four ectodermal clefts externally and four pharyngeal pouches internally. The first cleft forms as NC cells migrate into the second arch at the nine-somite stage (E8. 5, TS 13). It becomes the external acoustic meatus after birth; the others disappear by E12.

How are branchial cleft cysts diagnosed?

It happens when the area does not form as it should during the early stages of an embryo’s development. Branchial cleft abnormalities are diagnosed by a physical exam. Diagnostic tests include ultrasound and CT scans. Branchial cleft abnormalities are usually small.

What is the pathophysiology of branchial cleft cyst?

Pathophysiology. Branchial cleft cysts are remnants of embryonic development and result from a failure of obliteration of one of the branchial clefts , which are homologous to the structures in fish that develop into gills.

What is the abbreviation for branchial cleft anomaly?

How is Branchial Cleft Anomalies abbreviated? BCA stands for Branchial Cleft Anomalies. BCA is defined as Branchial Cleft Anomalies somewhat frequently.