What is frontal-subcortical?

Introduction. Frontal-subcortical syndrome (FSCS) is a broad-ranging disorder that primarily affects cognition, mood, and motor skills. This dysfunction is usually related to prevalent factors among the elderly population, such as strokes [1], small vessel lesions [2], and metabolic syndrome [3].

Where is the frontal-subcortical?

Frontal–subcortical circuits form the principal network, which mediate motor activity and behavior in humans. Five parallel frontal–subcortical circuits link the specific areas of the frontal cortex to the striatum, basal ganglia and thalamus.

What is the subcortical region of the brain?

Subcortical structures are a group of diverse neural formations deep within the brain which include the diencephalon, pituitary gland, limbic structures and the basal ganglia. They are involved in complex activities such as memory, emotion, pleasure and hormone production.

What is in frontal lobe?

The frontal lobe is the part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors. It is, in essence, the “control panel” of our personality and our ability to communicate.

What is a cortical stroke?

Strokes affecting the cerebral cortex (i.e. cortical strokes) classically present with deficits such as neglect, aphasia, and hemianopia. Subcortical strokes affect the small vessels deep in the brain, and typically present with purely motor hemiparesis affecting the face, arm, and leg.

What is a pre frontal cortex?

The prefrontal cortex is a part of the brain located at the front of the frontal lobe. It is implicated in a variety of complex behaviors, including planning, and greatly contributes to personality development.

What is corona radiata in brain?

The corona radiata is a bundle of nerve fibers located in the brain. Specifically, the nerves of the corona radiata carry information between the brain cells of the cerebral cortex and the brain cells in the brain stem.

What is a subcortical affect?

Subcortical dementias includes those diseases which predominantly affects the basal ganglia along with features of cognitive decline. Diseases such as progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington’s chorea and Parkinson’s disease are different in many features from the other cortical dementias like Alzheimer’s disease.

What are the symptoms of subcortical dementia?

Subcortical dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by slowness of mental processing, forgetfulness, impaired cognition, apathy, and depression.

What is the difference between cortical and subcortical stroke?

How many frontal-subcortical circuits are there in the brain?

There are 5 frontal-subcortical circuits that provide a neuroanatomical basis for movement and behavior, named by either function or cortical site of origin. Each circuit uses the same transmitters at each anatomic site.

Is there such a thing as frontal subcortical dementia?

However, most frontal-subcortical dementias show cortical atrophy in later stages, and cortical dementias have subcortical pathology at some point. In fact, the concept might be seen as a continuum, and only the 2 extremes would be represented by pure cortical or subcortical pathology.

What are the functions of the subcortical structures?

They are involved in complex activities such as memory, emotion, pleasure and hormone production. They act as information hubs of the nervous system, as they relay and modulate information passing to different areas of the brain.

What are the symptoms of subcortical brain lesions?

This results from the unopposed action of the left frontal eye fields on horizontal gaze to the contralateral right side. Lesions which are subcortical in the brainstem may present with signs and symptoms such as extraocular movement impairments, diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria, nystagmus.