What are the solvents used in pharmaceutical industry?

• Table 3. Solvents commonly used in chemical industry (6, 7)
• Ethanol Ethylene bromide. Butanol Acetone Chloroform.
• 2-Ethylhexanol Methyl ethyl ketone Ethylene chloride.
• Isopropanol Methyl isopropyl ketone Tetrachloroethylene.
• Propylene glycol.
• Ethyl ether.
• tert-Butyl methyl ether.
• Pyridyne Acetonitrile Ethyl acetate.

What is the most common pharmaceutical solvent?

Water
Water is the most common solvent for pharmaceutical solutions, but ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol or other liquids may be used, depending on the product requirements.

What is a solvent in manufacturing?

The term ‘solvent’ is applied to a large number of chemical substances which are used to dissolve or dilute other substances or materials. They are usually organic liquids. In the construction industry, for example, solvents act as carriers for surface coatings such as paints, varnishes and adhesives.

What are types of solvents?

There are two types of solvents they are organic solvents and inorganic solvents. Inorganic solvents are those solvents which do not contain carbon such as water, ammonia whereas organic solvents are those solvents which contain carbon and oxygen in their composition such as alcohols, glycol ethers.

What is a solubilizing agent?

A solubilizing agent acts as a surfactant and increases the solubility of one agent in another. A substance that would not normally dissolve in a particular solution is able to dissolve with the use of a solubilizing agent. 15.

What are Protogenic solvents?

What is a Protogenic Solvent? Capable of acting as a proton (hydron) donor strongly or weakly acidic (as a Brønsted acid). The term is preferred to the synonym “protic” or the more ambiguous expression “acidic” by itself. Also called HBD (hydrogen bond donor) solvent.

Why is water used as a pharmaceutical solvent?

Purified Water is used as an excipient in the production of non-parenteral preparations and in other pharmaceutical applications, such as cleaning of certain equipment’s and non-parenteral product-contact components. The source or feed water for the production of Purified Water is Drinking Water.

What are the 5 kinds of cleaning solvent?

Some examples of strong cleaning solvents are acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, toluene, nPB, and trichloroethylene (TCE). Common mild solvents include isopropyl alcohol, glycerin, and propylene glycol.

What is the difference between an emulsifier and a solubilizer?

What are Emulsifiers? In contrast to solubilisers, emulsifiers are not water soluble. Emulsifiers are used to emulsify oils in water to create O/W emulsions. Emulsifiers are used for oils and lipophilic ingredients with bigger/heavier molecules than essential oils.

Why are suspending agents used?

Suspending agent excipients help active pharmaceutical ingredients stay suspended in the formulation and prevent caking at the bottom of the container. One of the properties of a well-formulated suspension is that it can be easily re-suspended by the use of moderate agitation or shaking.

How are organic solvents used in the pharmaceutical industry?

Organic solvents are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as reaction media, in separation and purification of synthesis products and also for cleaning of equipment. This paper presents some aspects of organic solvents utilization in an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a drug product manufacturing process.

How is solvent recovery increasing priority in pharmaceutical industry?

The pharmaceutical industry has largely overlooked the benefits of recovering and recycling solvents on-site, preferring instead to rely on the purchase of virgin solvents or recovery of used solvents off-site, to replenish process-necessary solvents. Currently, many manufacturers rely on toll processors to perform recovery of solvents.

Which is the best solvent for pharmaceutical cleaning?

The most common and practical solvent is water being non-toxic, economical, environment friendly and does not leave any residues. Alkaline and acidic solvents are sometimes preferred as it enhances the dissolution of the material, which are difficult to remove.

Can a Class 4 solvent be used in a pharmaceutical product?

There is also another group ñ Class 4 solvents. For this group there is no adequate toxicological data enabling formulation of acceptable limits. If manufacturers want to use Class 4 solvents, they should supply justification for residual levels of this class solvents in a pharmaceutical product (2).