What is the pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

BPH involves the stromal and epithelial elements of the prostate arising in the periurethral and transition zones of the gland (see Pathophysiology). The hyperplasia presumably results in enlargement of the prostate that may restrict the flow of urine from the bladder.

What is pathological benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is also a term used to describe a common, benign type of prostate enlargement caused by an increase number of normal prostate cells. This condition is more common as men get older and is not linked to cancer.

What is the most common complication of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rarely has complications. When it does, they are often due to severe obstruction of the urine flow. These complications include: Complete blockage of the urethra (acute urinary retention, or AUR).

Which hormone is responsible for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

Prostatic enlargement depends on the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In the prostate gland, type II 5-alpha-reductase metabolizes circulating testosterone into DHT, which works locally, not systemically. DHT binds to androgen receptors in the cell nuclei, potentially resulting in BPH.

What size of prostate requires surgery?

The EAU guidelines, based on grade A evidence, recommends TURP for prostates between 35 and 80 ml. Over that limit, open surgery seems to remain the only option for treating BPH, according to available clinical evidence.

Why you should not have a prostate biopsy?

Prostate biopsy risks Infection: The most serious risk of a prostate biopsy is the risk of infection, including urinary tract infections and, less commonly, sepsis.

How is benign prostatic hyperplasia diagnosed?

The most common of these is a blood test to measure the PSA or Prostate Specific Antigen. Learn more about the Prostate Specific Antigen or PSA. A uroflowmetry test could be performed to get an accurate measurement of current urine flow versus normal flow levels. A cystoscopy may also be performed.

What are the signs of a bad prostate?

Prostate enlargement

• difficulty starting or stopping urinating.
• a weak flow of urine.
• straining when peeing.
• feeling like you’re not able to fully empty your bladder.
• prolonged dribbling after you’ve finished peeing.
• needing to pee more frequently or more suddenly.
• waking up frequently during the night to pee.

What is the main cause of prostate enlargement?

The cause of prostate enlargement is unknown, but it’s believed to be linked to hormonal changes as a man gets older. The balance of hormones in your body changes as you get older and this may cause your prostate gland to grow.

What medication will shrink prostate?

Medicine choices include: Alpha-blockers, such as tamsulosin (Flomax) or terazosin (Hytrin), which relax muscle tissue. 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, such as dutasteride (Avodart) and finasteride (Proscar), which shrink the prostate.

Why does BPH cause nocturia?

A common urological condition causing nocturia in men is an enlarged prostate or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The enlarged prostate can close off the urethra, thus making the bladder contract harder to push out urine. Over time, this weakens the bladder and leads to a variety of BPH symptoms.

Can BPH be cured?

BPH can be treated but not cured, but prostatitis is curable in many patients. The large majority of men with prostatitis have an infection of the prostate gland, while those with BPH do not have an infection.

Does benign prostatic hyperplasia cause erectile dysfunction?

Prostate enlargement, also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and erectile dysfunction (ED) are separate problems. Both increase with age, but one causes problems in the bathroom and the other in the bedroom. However, the two are somewhat linked. BPH happens when your prostate becomes enlarged, but cancer isn’t the cause.

How is BPH treated?

Treatment for BPH has long been medications and procedures, such as lasers or an electric loop, which burn the prostate from the inside out. But, now, a relatively new convective water therapy treatment uses steam to make the prostate smaller.