Can exostosis be malignant?

There’s about a 1 to 6 percent risk that a benign exostosis resulting from HME can become cancerous. When that happens, it’s called an osteosarcoma.

Can osteochondroma be malignant?

Although it is rare for an osteochondroma to change into a cancerous tumor, it is possible. In adults, a thick covering of cartilage over the tumor is one sign of such a change. A tumor in an adult patient should be checked for cancer if it is enlarging or has become painful.

What is Maffucci syndrome?

Maffucci syndrome is an extremely rare disorder characterized by benign overgrowths of cartilage (enchondromas), skeletal deformities and cutaneous lesions composed of abnormal blood vessels. Enchondromas arise in bones, most frequently in the hands and feet, and less often in the legs and long bones of the arm.

Is osteochondroma benign or malignant?

Osteochondroma is the most common type of non-cancerous (benign) bone tumor. An osteochondroma is a hard mass of cartilage and bone that generally appears near the growth plate (a layer of cartilage at the ends of a child’s long bones).

What problems do exostosis cause?

Further bone growth related to exostosis can ultimately cause pain, discomfort, and blockages of air, mucus, or earwax, depending upon where the exostosis is located. Those with surfer’s ear may also develop complications. The bony growths can cause the ear canal to become blocked, trapping water and earwax inside.

How do you get rid of exostosis?

In the rare instance where treatment is recommended, the exostosis can be removed in a dental specialist’s office, usually by an oral surgeon. Under local anesthesia, the surgeon will make an incision and lift the soft tissue away to expose the overgrowth of bone.

What is the percentage of malignant transformation of osteochondroma?

Malignant transformation, the most feared sequelae of osteochondroma, occurs in approximately 1% of solitary lesions and was first reported in 1886 (,1,,2,,22,,25,,108–,116). The prevalence of this complication is higher with HME and was previously reported to be seen in up to 25% of these patients (,1,,2).

Should an osteochondroma be removed?

Osteochondromas that are not causing problems do not need to be removed. However, if any osteochondroma is causing pain or getting much bigger, your doctor may recommend surgical removal.

How common is Maffucci syndrome?

Maffucci syndrome is very rare. Since it was first described in 1881, fewer than 200 cases have been reported worldwide.

Is Ollier’s disease painful?

Pain, increasing size, and thinning of the cortical bone may be signs of malignant transformation. Individuals with Ollier disease may also be at an increased risk for cancers of the ovaries and liver.

What is removal of exostosis?

What is the removal of exostoses? The removal of exostoses is the surgical removal of the bony lumps in the ear. An exostosis of the ear is a benign bony growth projecting outward from the bone surface of the External Auditory Canal.

Is exostosis a bone spur?

An exostosis is an extra growth of bone that extends outward from an existing bone. Common types of exostoses include bone spurs, which are bony growths also known as osteophytes. An exostosis can occur on any bone, but is often found in the feet, hip region, or ear canal.

What kind of tumor can Maffucci syndrome cause?

A benign vascular tumor, designated as “spindle cell hemangioma,” often arises in these malformed veins. Patients with Maffucci syndrome are at risk to developing a malignant tumor, particularly a tumor of cartilage known as “chondrosarcoma.” The more enchondromas, the higher the risk of malignancy.

Is there a life expectancy for Maffucci syndrome?

If a malignancy does not occur, patients with Maffucci syndrome have an otherwise normal life expectancy. A conservative management is recommended for patients with Ollier disease. Operations may be necessary for complications, such as pathologic fracture, growth disturbance, or malignant change.

When do enchondromas develop in Maffucci syndrome?

Enchondromas arise in bones, most frequently in the hands and feet, and less often in the legs and long bones of the arm. Maffucci syndrome is not recognizable at birth. Lesions usually develop early in childhood, most often between 1-5 years of age.

How is Maffucci syndrome related to Ollier disease?

The same mutations are found in the related disorder Ollier disease. Since the defect occurs after fertilization (called a somatic mutation), Maffucci syndrome is not considered to be hereditary, that is, it cannot be passed along in a family. The cases occur randomly and there are no known pedigrees of affected family members.