What is a cervical plexus block used for?

Cervical plexus blocks (CPBs) have been used in various head and neck surgeries to provide adequate anesthesia and/or analgesia; however, the block is performed in a narrow space in the region of the neck that contains many sensitive structures, multiple fascial layers, and complicated innervation.

What is superficial plexus?

The superficial cervical plexus innervates the skin of the anterolateral neck (see Figure 3). The terminal branches emerge as four distinct nerves from the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The lesser occipital nerve is usually a direct branch from the main stem of the second cervical nerve.

What is a superficial cervical?

The superficial cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes that lie near the surface of the neck.

What is the main disadvantage of an awake carotid endarterectomy with regional anesthesia?

The main disadvantage of general anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy is the loss of the most sensitive and specific monitor of cerebral function, which is an awake patient.

What are the branches of the cervical plexus?

Its branches consist of a superficial and deep set. The superficial branches are the great auricular nerve, lesser occipital nerve, transverse cervical, suprasternal, and supraclavicular nerves. The deep branches are the phrenic, communicantes cervicales, communicating, and muscular.

How do you get celiac plexus block?

You’ll lie on your stomach on the table with a pillow under your hips. Your back will be cleaned, and you’ll get an injection to numb the area about half way up your back. Your doctor will use x-rays to guide the needle with the block. They will then inject the medication into the area of your celiac plexus.

Where is superficial vascular plexus located?

ganglion cell layer
The superficial vascular plexus (SVP) slab was predominantly located in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and was segmented as the inner 80% of the ganglion cell complex (GCC, defined as the NFL + GCL + inner plexiform layer [IPL]), excluding the NFL.

Can you feel superficial cervical lymph nodes?

The cervical lymph nodes sit deep inside the neck. For this reason, most people without medical training are unable to feel them, even when they are swollen. However, a doctor may be able to feel one or more bumps beneath the skin when examining the neck region.

What is a common postoperative complication of carotid artery disease?

Perioperative complications of carotid endarterectomy include stroke, myocardial infarction, and death, and postoperative complications are cranial nerve injuries, wound hematoma, hypertension, hypotension, hyperperfusion syndrome, intracerebral hemorrhage, seizures, and recurrent stenosis.

Why is my blood pressure out of control after having carotid surgery?

Surgical removal of a carotid plaque causes immediate partial disruption of baroreceptor activity leading to hypertension and increased arterial pressure instability. This may last for several hours or days after surgery99 and may be caused by stripping of sensory nerve endings from the arterial lumen.

Why is cervical plexus important?

The function of the cervical plexus is to provide skeletal muscle control of the neck and upper torso as well as providing cutaneous sensation to parts of the occiput, neck, and shoulder. The greater occipital nerve originates from the second cervical nerve independent of the cervical plexus.

How is local anesthetic used for cervical plexus block?

For the superficial cervical plexus block, local anesthetic is injected superficially to the deep cervical fascia.

Where is the superficial plexus block in the neck?

The superficial cervical plexus block, located in the posterior triangle of the neck at the midpoint of the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, leads to complete blockade of the cutaneous nerve supply to the neck.

Is there phrenic nerve involvement in cervical plexus block?

Phrenic nerve involvement is rare with superficial cervical plexus block (more common with deep cervical blocks) but technically possible inasmuch as C3, C4, and C5 innervate the diaphragm.

Can a cervical plexus block cause pulmonary compromise?

Likewise, due to the risk of phrenic nerve paresis, the deep cervical plexus block is relatively contraindicated in patients with contralateral phrenic nerve palsy and significant pulmonary compromise. The cervical plexus is formed by the anterior divisions of the four upper cervical nerves ( Figure 2 ).