Can obesity cause inflammation in adipose tissue?

Recent studies have shown that obesity induces chronic local inflammation in adipose tissue, and that cells of the innate immune system, particularly macrophages, are crucially involved in adipose inflammation and systemic metabolic abnormalities.

How does obesity cause low grade inflammation?

Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which is characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion from adipose tissue and the infiltration of leukocytes, including macrophages, into the adipose tissue.

Does obesity cause inflammation in the body?

There is an association between increased weight gain and increased inflammation. More weight can mean more inflammation. However, reducing excess weight also tends to mean less inflammation. Gut inflammation may also be a contributing factor and can lead to weight gain.

How does obesity affect adipose tissue?

Obesity leads to adipose tissue dysfunction, triggering the release of pro-inflammatory adipokines which can directly act on cardiovascular tissues to promote disease.

Why are obese people inflamed?

When the immune defense system is impaired, the body is unable to defend itself through inflammation. Overeating increases the immune response. This increased immune response causes the body to generate excessive inflammation, which may lead to a number of chronic diseases.

How is obesity related to chronic inflammation?

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, which can trigger other diseases such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and even cancer. There appears to be a genetic component to excess fat accumulation, and studies suggest that inflammatory gene variants may contribute. Karunakaran et al.

Does inflammation weigh anything?

Studies show that inflammation is a common underlying factor in all major degenerative diseases — including heart disease, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes — and that it can also cause weight gain and difficulty losing weight. The good news: inflammation is linked to several diet and lifestyle factors.

Does inflammation cause belly fat?

As scientists learn more about the key role of inflammation in diabetes, heart disease and other disorders, new research from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis suggests that fat in the belly may be an important promoter of that inflammation.

What happens if you have too much adipose tissue?

More commonly, too much adipose tissue leads to obesity, mainly from too much visceral fat. Obesity leads to a number of serious health problems. Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes as it causes the body to become resistant to insulin.

What is believed to be the major cause of excess adipose tissue in most obese individuals?

The primary cause of T2D is obesity-driven insulin resistance (IR) in white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, and skeletal muscle, combined with impaired secretion of insulin by pancreatic β-cells to overcome this resistance [10].

How is inflammation related to obesity and metabolic syndrome?

Other cells, including B lymphocytes and mast cells, are also increased in obese adipose tissue and may contribute to obesity-induced inflammation. In obesity, the imbalance among immune cells results in production of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which promote systemic inflammation and peripheral insulin resistance.

How is obesity related to pro-inflammatory cytokines?

The overexpressed pro-inflammatory cytokines in obesity are considered the link between obesity and inflammation. Adipose tissue responds to stimulation of extra nutrients via hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes. The nature of adipose tissue is heterogeneous, including endothelium, immune cells, and adipocytes.

How is inflammation related to T2DM and obesity?

Adipose tissue, the liver, muscles and the pancreas are sites of inflammation in obesity or T2DM. Inflammation associated with obesity is further related to fatty liver processes, some cancers and metabolic syndrome, among others.

How does obesity affect the immune system in adipose tissue?

Recent studies have shown that obesity induces chronic local inflammation in adipose tissue, and that cells of the innate immune system, particularly macrophages, are crucially involved in adipose inflammation and systemic metabolic abnormalities.