What is ap1 gene?

Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections. AP-1 controls a number of cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis.

What do regulatory transcription factors do?

Transcription factors (TFs) are regulatory proteins whose function is to activate (or more rarely, to inhibit) transcription of DNA by binding to specific DNA sequences. These different structural motifs result in transcription factor specificity for the consensus sequences to which they bind.

What are Fos and Jun?

The fos and jun proto-oncogenes are members of the set of genes known as cellular immediate-early genes. Their expression is induced transiently by a great variety of extracellular stimuli associated with mitogenesis, differentiation processes or depolarization of neurons.

What is NAC transcription factor?

The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor (TF) families. They affect plant immunity through their regulatory impact on signaling of plant hormones, which in turn are key players in plant immune responses.

What activates AP-1?

AP-1 activity is stimulated by external stimuli like growth factors or inflammatory cytokines and a complex network of kinase such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) of the extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and JUN amino-terminal kinase (JNK) families.

Is AP-1 a transcription factor?

AP-1 was identified as a transcription factor that contributes both to basal gene expression (Lee et al., 1987a), as well as TPA-inducible gene expression (Angel et al., 1987).

What are the two types of transcription factors?

There are two mechanistic classes of transcription factors:

• General transcription factors are involved in the formation of a preinitiation complex.
• Upstream transcription factors are proteins that bind somewhere upstream of the initiation site to stimulate or repress transcription.

What factors increase gene expression?

The expression of genes in an organism can be influenced by the environment, including the external world in which the organism is located or develops, as well as the organism’s internal world, which includes such factors as its hormones and metabolism.

What does c-Jun stand for?

c-Jun is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUN gene. c-Jun, in combination with c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39 and only later rediscovered as the product of the JUN gene.

What does C-FOS stand for?

Expression of c-fos is an indirect marker of neuronal activity because c-fos is often expressed when neurons fire action potentials. Upregulation of c-fos mRNA in a neuron indicates recent activity. The c-fos promoter has also been utilised for drug abuse research.

What is NAC protein?

The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2 and CUC2) proteins constitute a major transcription factor family renowned for their roles in several developmental programs. Despite their highly conserved DNA-binding domains, their remarkable diversification across plants reflects their numerous functions.

What is Myb protein?

MYB (MYB Proto-Oncogene, Transcription Factor) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with MYB include Angiocentric Glioma and Acute Basophilic Leukemia. Among its related pathways are Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation and NF-kappaB Signaling.

How did the WRKY transcription factor get its name?

Like many transcription factors, WRKY transcription factors are defined by the presence of a DNA-binding domain; in this case, it is the WRKY domain. The WRKY domain was named in 1996 after the almost invariant WRKY amino acid sequence at the N-terminus and is about 60 residues in length.

How many WRKY domains are there in transcription factors?

WRKY transcription factors, originally isolated from plants contain one or two conserved WRKY domains, about 60 amino acid residues with the WRKYGQK sequence followed by a C2H2 or C2HC zinc finger motif. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that the WRKY proteins play significant roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and in development.

Why are WRKY transcription factors important to plants?

These transcription factors recognize a (T/A)TGAC (T/A) cis-regulatory element, also known as a W-box, in the promoters of target genes. WRKY transcription factors play a major role in plant defense to abiotic and biotic stresses, but also contribute to plant development and secondary metabolism.

What is the role of wrky6 in Arabidopsis?

“A new member of the Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factor family, AtWRKY6, is associated with both senescence- and defence-related processes.” Cited for: NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA], INDUCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MUTAGENESIS OF LYS-278 AND 296-ARG-LYS-297.

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