Which of the following fungi are dematiaceous?

Dematiaceous fungi: Chromoblastomycosis, Mycetoma, Phaeohyphomycosis.

What do you mean by dematiaceous fungi?

The dematiaceous (brown-pigmented) fungi are a large and heterogenous group of moulds that cause a wide range of diseases including phaeohyphomycosis, chromoblastomycosis, and eumycotic mycetoma.

Which of the following fungi is isolated in phaeohyphomycosis cyst?

Exophiala jeanselmei and Wangiella dermatitidis are the most commonly isolated fungi in cutaneous and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycoses.

What causes phaeohyphomycosis?

Phaeohyphomycosis is a chronic infectious condition caused by dematiaceous fungi which usually involve the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is characterised by papulonodules, verrucous, hyperkeratotic or ulcerated plaques, cysts, abscesses, pyogranuloma, non-healing ulcers or sinuses.

Can yeast black?

“Black yeasts”, sometimes also black fungi, dematiaceous fungi, microcolonial fungi or meristematic fungi is a diverse group of slow-growing microfungi which reproduce mostly asexually (fungi imperfecti). Black yeasts share some distinctive characteristics, in particular melanisation of their cell wall. …

What is Eumycotic mycetoma?

Eumycetoma (“mycotic mycetoma”) is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection of the skin and soft tissue, most often affecting the lower extremity (typically a single foot) [1].

What causes Chromoblastomycosis?

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation of a specific group of dematiaceous fungi (usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladosporium carrionii, or Fonsecaea compacta) through the skin.

What is Mycetomas?

Mycetoma is a disease caused by certain types of bacteria and fungi found in soil and water. These bacteria and fungi may enter the body through a break in the skin, often on a person’s foot.

How is phaeohyphomycosis treated?

Surgical excision of the lesion with or without antifungal agents (itraconazole, ketaconazole, amphotericin B) has been widely used in treatment of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis.

Is phaeohyphomycosis contagious?

Conclusively, phaeohyphomycosis is a highly prolific disease that is caused by multiple genera of fungi. The disease is transmissible through several mediums, including air, wind, and water. Both individual animals and whole populations can be affected by it.

Which of the following is black yeast species?

The Black Yeast Exophiala dermatitidis and Other Selected Opportunistic Human Fungal Pathogens Spread from Dishwashers to Kitchens.

What kind of disease can dematiaceous fungi cause?

Surveys of outdoor air for fungal spores routinely observe dematiaceous fungi ( 117 ). As these are widespread in the environment, individuals are constantly exposed to them, though they remain uncommon causes of disease. A variety of infectious syndromes are attributed to dematiaceous fungi ( Table 1 ).

How are hyaline and dematiaceous fungi described in mycology?

Mycology: Hyaline and Dematiaceous Fungi uses an interrogative, question-and-answer, approach to direct and instruct the participant in identifying hyaline and dematiaceous fungi. Numerous images enhance the descriptions of identifying characteristics by illustrating the appearance of fungal colonies on media and microscopic appearance.

Which is the best stain for dematiaceous fungi?

Dark fungi suspected by routine staining procedures must be confirmed by special melanin stain known as Fontana Masson (FM). In the image FM x1000 morphology of the fungal elements remains similar to Gram stain. The cell wall is darker, confirms dematiaceous fungus involved.

What kind of infection can a Hypha fungus cause?

Collectively known as “the dimorphs,” this group is able to cause severe and sometimes fatal infection whilst existing solely in the yeast form, illustrating that hypha formation per se is not essential for fungal virulence.