What is the axillary view?

An axillary view (also known as a “Cleopatra view“) is a type of supplementary mammographic view. It is an exaggerated craniocaudal view for better imaging of the lateral portion of the breast to the axillary tail.

How do you do axillary shoulder view?

Position – Patient is supine with shoulder gently abducted by an assistant about 70-degrees. X-ray cassette is positioned superior to shoulder. X-ray Beam – Directed into the affected axilla from inferior to superior.

What is an axial view xray?

The axial shoulder view is a supplementary projection to the lateral scapula view for obtaining orthogonal images to the AP shoulder. It is an appropriate projection to assess suspected dislocations, proximal humerus pathology, and glenohumeral articular surface abnormalities 1-3.

How do you do velpeau view?

Patient position

1. the patient is erect (or sitting) facing away from the table.
2. the image receptor is placed on the table behind the patient beneath the shoulder.
3. patient leans 30° backward toward the table (allowing for an axial view of the shoulder)

What is auxiliary view?

Auxiliary views are a type of orthographic projection used to determine the true size and shape of inclined and oblique surfaces of objects. • Normally, auxiliary views are projected from existing principal views. • However, auxiliary views can also be drawn first and then used to create a principal view.

What is the Grashey view of the shoulder?

The shoulder AP glenoid view also known as a true AP or a ‘Grashey view’ is an additional projection to the two view shoulder series. The projection is used to assess the integrity of the glenohumeral joint.

How do you do shoulder Y view?

The scapular Y view is obtained by aiming the x-ray beam longitudinally down the axis of the scapular spine (see the image below). The humeral head lies directly over the glenoid fossa. The Y shape is formed by the projection of the acromion, scapular body, and coracoid from the longitudinal axis.

What is an axial view of the brain?

Axial—otherwise known as transverse, or horizontal—planes are oriented perpendicularly to the body, dividing the body into upper (i.e. superior) and lower (i.e. inferior) sections. An axial slice through the approximate middle of the body would place the head, shoulders, upper torso, etc.

What is tangential projection?

The tangential projection represents an extraoral projection which with success can be performed with the dental X-ray set. The film is placed lateral to the angle of the mouth in a vertical position level with either the maxilla or the mandible.

What is Hill-Sachs lesion?

The Hill-Sachs lesion is an osseous defect of the humeral head that is typically associated with anterior shoulder instability. The incidence of these lesions in the setting of glenohumeral instability is relatively high and approaches 100% in persons with recurrent anterior shoulder instability.

What is reverse Hill-Sachs lesion?

Reverse Hill-Sachs lesion, also called a McLaughlin lesion, is defined as an impaction fracture of anteromedial aspect of the humeral head following posterior dislocation of the humerus. It is of surgical importance to identify this lesion and correct it to prevent avascular necrosis.

What is the benefit of auxiliary view?

Additional or auxiliary views are necessary to represent the true size and shape of other plane surfaces. A plane perpendicular to only one of the three principal planes is said to be in an inclined position; a plane not perpendicular to any of the principal planes is said to be in an oblique position.

What is the axillary view of the shoulder?

Axillary view of shoulder. The axillary view is useful for detecting anterior or posterior shoulder dislocations that are not evident in the AP view. The x-ray beam is directed into the axilla from below (inferior to superior), or down through the axilla from above the shoulder (superior to inferior).

What are the different X – ray views?

Different views (also known as projections) of the chest can be obtained by changing the relative orientation of the body and the direction of the x-ray beam. The most common views are posteroanterior, anteroposterior, and lateral.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of X – rays?

Costs. One advantage of X-rays is that they are cheaper than similar medical procedures.

What is the physics behind X – rays?

The Physics Behind X-rays: Xrays were found by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895. X-rays are electromagnetic waves.They have shorter wavelength and more energy than regular light.They have enough to pass through body tissues. When electrons from heated filament are accelerated towards the metal target and strike it [the target] then x-rays are