What is Portacaval and Cavo caval anastomosis?

Portocaval anastomoses (or portocaval shunts) are connections between portal system and the system of superior and inferior vena cava. Importance of portocaval clutches applies in the case of portal hypertension. Extended and varicose veins pose a risk of rupture and life- threatening bleeding.

What veins Anastomose at the lower end of Oesophagus?

The esophageal branch of the portal circulation includes the left gastric vein which arises from the the portal vein. And from the systemic circulation we have the azygos vein which dumps into the superior vena cava in the thorax.

Where are the four sites of the portal systemic anastomoses?

It is the point of convergence for the venous drainage of the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract. The portal vein is formed by the union of the splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein, posterior to the neck of the pancreas, at the level of L2.

What causes portal hypertension?

Portal hypertension is a term used to describe elevated pressures in the portal venous system (a major vein that leads to the liver). Portal hypertension may be caused by intrinsic liver disease, obstruction, or structural changes that result in increased portal venous flow or increased hepatic resistance.

What causes Portacaval anastomosis?

The inferior end of the esophagus and the superior part of the rectum are potential sites of a harmful portacaval anastomosis. In portal hypertension, as in the case of cirrhosis of the liver, the anastomoses become congested and form venous dilatations.

What is anastomosis anatomy?

An anastomosis is a surgical connection between two structures. It usually means a connection that is created between tubular structures, such as blood vessels or loops of intestine. For example, when part of an intestine is surgically removed, the two remaining ends are sewn or stapled together (anastomosed).

Where do Paraumbilical veins drain?

The paraumbilical veins are small veins around the falciform ligament that drain venous blood from the anterior part of the abdominal wall and diaphragm directly into the liver, and communicate with other anterior abdominal wall veins.

Where is the SVC?

It descends vertically through the superior mediastinum, behind the intercostal spaces and to the right of the aorta and trachea. At the level of the second costal cartilage, the SVC enters the middle mediastinum and becomes surrounded by the fibrous pericardium.

What stage of liver disease is portal hypertension?

In the stage of advanced liver disease, mostly fixed structural changes, such as fibrosis or the formation of regenerative nodules, are responsible for developing and sustaining portal hypertension.

What is the most common complication of portal hypertension?

Variceal hemorrhage is the most common complication associated with portal hypertension. Almost 90% of patients with cirrhosis develop varices, and approximately 30% of varices bleed.

Where is the Portacaval lymph node located?

The portacaval space is a relatively narrow region between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava that is usually well seen on cross-sectional abdominal imaging studies [1].

Which is a common site for Portocaval anastomosis?

A portocaval anastomosis is a specific type of anastomosis that occurs between the veins of the portal circulation and those of the systemic circulation. The inferior end of the esophagus and the superior part of the rectum are potential sites of a harmful portacaval anastomosis.

Which is the best definition of portacaval anastomosis?

pertaining to or connecting the portal vein and caudal vena cava. portacaval anastomosis. surgical, traumatic or congenital defect resulting in an anastomosis between the portal vein and the caudal vena cava including a portal-azygos anastomosis, or the portal vein and the hepatic artery resulting in portal hypertension.

Which is the best definition of a portacaval shunt?

portacaval anastomosis. surgical, traumatic or congenital defect resulting in an anastomosis between the portal vein and the caudal vena cava including a portal-azygos anastomosis, or the portal vein and the hepatic artery resulting in portal hypertension.

Where does anastomosis take place in the liver?

Bare area of liver There is some anastomosis between portal venous channels in the liver and azygous system of veins above the diaphragm across the bare area of liver. 8. Five sites of portal/systemic circulation : 1.

What kind of veins are involved in retroperitonial anastomosis?

Retroperitonial The veins of the ascending colon, descending colon, duodenum, pancreas, and liver (portal tributary) anastomose with the renal, lumbar, and phrenic veins (systemic tributaries). 5.