What is 2% Ceriated tungsten used for?

Non-Radioactive Tungsten Materials The first one, introduced in the 1980’s, is most commonly available as 2% ceriated tungsten. This material is commonly used for lower amperage DC welding applications. In fact, it holds a very high market share in sales for the orbital welding process.

Why is thorium oxide used for an alloying element for some tungsten electrodes?

During manufacturing, thorium is evenly dispersed throughout the electrode. This evenness allows the electrode to maintain a sharpened edge — the ideal electrode shape for welding thin steel.

What is 4% thoriated tungsten used for?

Thoriated tungsten is the most commonly used in the United States. This tungsten is used primarily in DC welding. It has a low work function and provides a high load and amperage capability.

What are tungsten welding rods used for?

Tungsten electrodes are used when arc welding with the Tungsten Inert gas (TIG) process or when plasma welding. In both processes the electrode, arc and weld pool are protected from atmospheric contamination by an inert gas.

When did thorium come out of welding rods?

NUREG / CR-1039, “Estimated Radiation Doses from Thorium and Daughters Contained in Thoriated Welding Electrodes,” December 1979. NUREG / CR-1775, “Environmental Assessment of Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Material,” October 1980.

Why is thorium used as an electrode for tungsten?

While 2% thoriated tungsten has been the most commonly used tungsten material for many years, this electrode type is increasingly being scrutinized because of concerns for the environment and for the safety of users of this material. The concerns arise from the fact that the element thorium is radioactive.

Why are tungsten electrodes used in TIG welding?

A tungsten electrode is used because it can withstand very high temperatures with minimal melting or erosion. Electrodes are made by powder metallurgy and are formed to size after sintering. TIG welding electrodes usually contain small quantities of other metallic oxides which can offer the following benefits:-

How much radiation can you get from welding rods?

However, some information on the radiation doses associated with the use of these rods can be found in the following references: NUREG / CR-1039, “Estimated Radiation Doses from Thorium and Daughters Contained in Thoriated Welding Electrodes,” December 1979.