What is Acantholytic dyskeratosis?

Background: Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis is a distinctive histologic pattern characterized by (1) suprabasilar clefts around preserved papillae, (2) acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells at all levels of the epidermis, and (3) hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis.

What is Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Acanthoma?

Acantholytic dyskeratotic acanthoma (ADA) is a rare benign condition characterized by circumscribed epidermal proliferation displaying both acantholysis and dyskeratosis. Most cases are clinically diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma, which leads to their excision and histopathologic examination.

What is Acantholytic dermatosis?

Abstract. Transient acantholytic dermatosis is a self-limited, primary acantholytic disease that occurs predominantly in persons over 50 years old. The primary lesions, discrete papules and papulovesicles, are distributed mainly on the chest, back, and thighs and may be intensely pruritic.

Is Grover’s disease fatal?

The condition has no cure. In some cases, Grover’s disease may last a few months and then disappear. In others, it may continue on and off for years.

What is focal dyskeratosis?

Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD) is a distinctive histologic pattern characterized by suprabasilar clefts surrounding dermal papillae (villi), acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells at all levels of the epidermis, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis.

What is Corps Ronds?

Corps ronds are characterized by an irregular eccentric and sometimes pyknotic nucleus, a clear perinuclear halo, and a brightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Grains are mostly located in the stratum corneum, and they consist of oval cells with elongated cigar-shaped nuclei and abundant keratohyalin granules.

What causes Acanthoma?

The exact cause of acanthoma is not known; it is sometimes called a benign tumor , and sometimes described as the result of inflammation. Acanthomas are not considered dangerous and do not require treatment, but they may be removed for cosmetic reasons or to relieve any associated symptoms.

What is warty Dyskeratoma?

Warty dyskeratoma (WD) is a benign epidermal proliferation first reported in 1957 because of its distinctive histologic findings. WD presents as an umbilicated papule with a keratotic plug, usually limited to the head, neck, or face.

What is the best treatment for Grover’s disease?

Initial treatment options include topical steroid creams such as hydrocortisone, anti-itch lotions containing menthol or camphor, and calcipotriol cream. For more severe cases, options include tetracycline, isotretinoin, antifungal pills such as itraconazole, PUVA phototherapy, and cortisone (steroid) injections.

How did Grover’s disease get its name?

This condition was first reported in 1975 by the American dermatopathologist, Ralph Wier Grover (1920–2008) while working at Franklin Hospital in New York. He described and examined around 40 patients having the characteristic signs of the disease, which would later bear his name.

What does Acantholysis mean?

Acantholysis means loss of coherence between epidermal cells due to the breakdown of intercellular bridges. It is an important pathogenetic mechanism underlying various bullous disorders, particularly the pemphigus group, as well as many non-blistering disorders.

What are Corps Ronds and grains?

Corps ronds are large structures in the granular layer consisting of irregular, eccentric pyknotic nucleus with a clear halo and an eosinophilic or basophilic shell around it. Grains are flattened oval cells with elongated nuclei and numerous keratohyalin granules.

Are there any other diseases similar to acantholytic dyskeratosis?

If the changes affect the epidermis more broadly, clinical correlation may be required to distinguish Grover’s disease from the diseases it mimics. Other disorders exhibiting acantholytic dyskeratosis include Darier’s disease (keratosis follicularis) and acantholytic acanthoma.

What are the symptoms of acantholytic dyskeratosis in feet?

Other cutaneous findings include cobblestone papules of the mucosa, palmoplantar pits, verrucous lesions on the dorsal hands and feet (acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf) and red and white longitudinal nail streaks with distal “V” nicking. Similar to Hailey–Hailey disease, the gene responsible, ATP2A2, encodes a calcium pump.

How is acantholysis related to Darier’s disease?

The histologic findings on skin biopsies of Darier’s disease show acantholysis (loss of epidermal adhesion) and dyskeratosis (abnormal keratinization) as the 2 main features. Many cells of the detached stratum malphighii shows loss of intercellular bridges leading to acantholysis.

What does acantholysis stand for in medical terms?

ac·an·thol·y·sis (ak-an-thol’i-sis), Avoid the mispronunciation acantholy’sis. Separation of individual epidermal keratinocytes from their neighbor, as in conditions such as pemphigus vulgaris and Darier disease. [acantho- + G. lysis, loosening]