What did Nikolai Vavilov do?

Vavilov collected plant species around the world, building one of the first and most comprehensive seed banks, and he spent much of his life researching plant breeding and genetics. Vavilov also developed a theory of the historical centers of origin of cultivated plants.

What happened to Vavilov?

As a result, Vavilov was arrested on 6 August 1940, while on an expedition to Ukraine. He was sentenced to death in July 1941. In 1942 his sentence was commuted to twenty years imprisonment. In 1943, he died in prison in connection with the harsh prison conditions.

Who was Nikolai Vavilov and why was his work important?

Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887–1943), one of the pioneers of 20th century plant breeding, is best known for seminal work in identifying centers of origins and diversity for cultivated plants. Vavilov studied genetics with William Bateson from 1913 to 1914 at the John Innis Horticultural Institute.

Why was Nikolai Vavilov killed?

He went by three names. A Russian scientist persecuted and killed by Stalin’s agents after being elected to the Royal Society of London and accused of treason. He was an avid Mendelian-Darwinist during the Lamarkian reign of the Russian agronomist Trofim Lysenko. His name is Nikolai Ivanovitch Vavilov.

What do you mean by Centre of origin?

The centre of origin is a geographical area where the particular group of organisms (either domesticated or wild) first originated on earth. Many people believed that centres of origin are also centres of diversity.

Which criteria did Vavilov use to define a center of domestication?

Center of domestication Vavilov defined eight ‘centers of origin’ according to certain criteria: high varietal diversity, co-occurence of wild ancestors with their domesticates, and a long history of crop use (Vavilov, 1926, Vavilov, 1951; Harlan, 1971; Vavilov, 1992; Table S3).

Who started seed bank?

Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943) was a Russian geneticist and botanist who, through botanic-agronomic expeditions, collected seeds from all over the world. He set up one of the first seed banks, in Leningrad (now St Petersburg), which survived the 28-month Siege of Leningrad in World War II.

Which of the following is oldest economic and quick method of plant breeding?

Selection is the oldest method of plant breeding and is the base of all crop improvement programs. It is of two types: natural and artificial.

What is Vavilov concept?

Vavilov centers are regions where a high diversity of crop wild relatives can be found, representing the natural relatives of domesticated crop plants.

What is obsolete variety?

Improved varieties of recent past are known as obsolete cultivars. These are the varieties which were popular earlier and now have been replaced by new varieties. For example, varieties K68, K65 and Pb 591 were most popular traditional tall varieties before introduction of high yielding dwarf Mexican wheat varieties.

What are domesticated plants called?

Houseplants and ornamentals are plants domesticated primarily for aesthetic enjoyment in and around the home, while those domesticated for large-scale food production are called crops. Domesticated plants deliberately altered or selected for special desirable characteristics are cultigens.

What is an example of a domesticated plant?

Examples of domesticated plants and a region that domesticated them include wheat and barley in the Middle East, the potato in South America, and millet and rice in China. Plants that are grown for consumption are known as crops, while plants used for aesthetic purposes indoors are houseplants.

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