What are biosurfactant producing bacteria?

The 34 isolates associated with Bacillus, Streptomyces, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter and Staphylococcus genera retrieved from the three oil wells were identified as biosurfactant-producing bacteria using the oil–spreading and the drop collapse methods (Table 2).

Which method is used for biosurfactant?

The blood agar method is often used for a preliminary screening of microorganisms for the ability to produce biosurfactants on hydrophilic media. Blood agar is a rich growth medium for many organisms.

How are biosurfactants produced?

Biosurfactants are compounds that are produced by plants and animals, but are largely produced by microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The combination of several properties including biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) reduces surface tension to act as an an emulsifier [1].

What microorganisms are typically used to produce biosurfactants?

The biologically derived surfactants (biosurfactants) are produced from microorganisms, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis Candida albicans, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus as dominant species.

How do you detect biosurfactant?

Three methods to detect biosurfactant production, drop collapse, oil spreading, and blood agar lysis, were compared for their ease of use and reliability in relation to the ability of the cultures to reduce surface tension.

What is the meaning of biosurfactant?

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced in living surfaces, mostly on microbial cell surfaces or excreted extracellular hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties that confer the ability to accumulate between fluid phases, thus reducing surface and interfacial tension at the surface and interface respectively [1].

What is biosurfactant?

Biosurfactants play a role in bioremediation by increasing the surface area of substrates. Biosurfactant producing microorganisms create their own micro-environment and promotes emulsification by the release of certain compounds through various mechanisms such as quorum sensing.

Why do we produce biosurfactants?

Biosurfactants are potentially replacements for synthetic surfactants in several industrial processes, such as lubrication, wetting, softening, fixing dyes, making emulsions, stabilizing dispersions, foaming, preventing foaming, as well as in food, biomedical and pharmaceutical industry, and bioremediation of organic- …

Is a surfactant?

Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension (or interfacial tension) between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents, or dispersants.

What are examples of surfactants?

Sodium stearate is a good example of a surfactant. It is the most common surfactant in soap. Another common surfactant is 4-(5-dodecyl)benzenesulfonate. Other examples include docusate (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), alkyl ether phosphates, benzalkaonium chloride (BAC), and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS).

Why do microbes produce biosurfactant?

Biosurfactants are surface-active biomolecules produced by microbes (bacteria, fungi, and yeast) and have several advantages over the chemical surfactants, such as lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, better environmental compatibility, higher foaming, high selectivity, and specific activity under extreme …

What is oil displacement test?

Oil displacement test: The oil displacement test is a method used to measure the diameter of the clear zone, which occurs after dropping a surfactant containing solution on an oil-water interface. As much as 30 mL of distilled water was dropped onto a petri dish with diameter of 15 cm.

How is biosurfactant production from marine bacteria?

Nine different methods have been reported for screening biosurfactant producing microbes such as hemolytic assay, bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH) assay, drop collapse assay, oil spreading assay, emulsification assay, surface tension measurement, titled glass slide test, blue agar plate and hydrocarbon overlay agar assay.

Are there any low cost substrates for biosurfactant production?

Although much work is being done on the use of low-cost substrates for their production, a paucity of literature exists on the upcoming bioprocess optimization strategies and their successes and potential for economical biosurfactant production.

Which is the best nitrogen for biosurfactant production?

An abundance of carbon source, a limiting nitrogen condition and the ratio of C : N around 20 have been found to be most favourable for biosurfactant production, especially for biosurfactant production by members of Pseudomonas sp. (Hassan et al. 2016 ).

Who are the top surfactant manufacturers in the world?

BASF Cognis (Germany) and Ecover (Belgium) have emerged as the two top surfactant manufacturers to venture into the biosurfactant market.