Why it is called delayed coker unit?

A delayed coker is a type of coker whose process consists of heating a residual oil feed to its thermal cracking temperature in a furnace with multiple parallel passes. Delayed coking is one of the unit processes used in many oil refineries. The adjacent photograph depicts a delayed coking unit with 4 drums.

What is the reason for using two coker drums?

The use of high temperature for cracking, delaying the coking until the cracked product entered the drum, and the use of two drums enabled the delayed coker to operate on a continuous basis. The delayed coker is the only main process in a modern petroleum refinery that is a batch-continuous process.

What is the purpose of coker?

A coker or coker unit is an oil refinery processing unit that converts the residual oil from the vacuum distillation column into low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and petroleum coke.

What are critical operation controls of DCU?

The most critical valves on a DCU are : The TOP/BOTTOM UNHEADING & FEEDING SYSTEM (directly connected on the bottom and on the top of each coke drum) The SPECIAL ISOLATION VALVES (on overhead lines and feed/slurries lines)

How does a coke drum work?

A Coke Drum is a type of pressure vessel that uses heat and pressure to refine complex hydrocarbons into lighter, more useful, products, such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. The coke drum then separates lighter vapors out of the crude, including hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, and light and heavy gas oils.

What is coke in a refinery?

Petroleum Coke. Petroleum coke (petcoke) is a byproduct of the oil refining process. As refineries worldwide seek to operate more efficiently and extract more gasoline and other high value fuels from each barrel of crude oil, a solid carbon material known as petcoke is produced.

How the product coke is separated from coke drum?

A vapor stream from the coke drum is routed to a fractionator (2), where it is separated into light gases, unstabilized gasoline, distillate, heavy coker gas oil and a recycle stream . The coker fractionator off gas is compressed in a wet-gas compressor, which increases the pressure of the gas .

What is VGO in refinery?

Vacuum gas oil (VGO) is a key feedstock for fluid catalytic crackers used to make transportation fuels and many other by-products. The Honeywell UOP FCC, Unicracking™ and VGO Unionfining™ processes are the keys to cost-effectively upgrading VGO into valuable products.

What does a coker do in a refinery?

In a refinery, the coker is the most extreme of the bottoms upgrading process units. A coker takes the lowest value bottoms material (vacuum resid) and cracks it to the point that all of the resid is eliminated, yielding only lighter fractions and solid carbon (pet coke).

At what temperature does oil coke?

Coking occurs because the temperature and the oil residue time are higher than the oil stability limitations. Coke formation increases dramatically as local metal contact temperatures exceed 300°C.

What is coke vs coal?

What is the difference between coal and coke fuel? Coal is a shiny, black fossil fuel that contains impurities, emits smoke when burned, and produces less heat than coke. Coke is a dull, black byproduct of coal that burns hotter and cleaner.

Is coke made from petroleum?

Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke or petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes. (Other types of coke are derived from coal.)

How is a coke drum used in a Coker?

Overview of Coke Drum. A Coke Drum is a type of pressure vessel that uses heat and pressure to refine complex hydrocarbons into lighter, more useful, products, such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Coke drums are an integral part of coker units and serve as the final step in the cracking process.

How many drums are in a delayed coking unit?

This cracks the heavy, long chain hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil into coker gas oil and petroleum coke. Delayed coking is one of the unit processes used in many oil refineries. The adjacent photograph depicts a delayed coking unit with 4 drums.

What happens to the oil in a Coker?

The coking process involves feeding heated residual oil or pitch into the bottom of a large, upright vessel known as a coke drum, where the thermal cracking takes place. The cracking process causes the oil to separate into gas and vapor that exits at the top of the coke drum, and solidified coke that collects inside the drum.

Who is the APMI for Coker drum replacement?

Coker – Process Engineering Associates, LLC. Whether the scope is simply a drum replacement or an extensive Coker expansion, the Team of PROCESS and APMI can identify the options, and complete a cost estimate and milestone schedule for a Coker revamp.